Ukwaluphala yinkqubo edlula kuyo yonke into ephilayo. Abantu ngabanye abanakukuthintela ukwaluphala, kodwa banokuthatha amanyathelo athile okucothisa inkqubo yokwaluphala kunye nokuvela kwezifo ezinxulumene nokwaluphala. Elinye icandelo lifumene ingqalelo eninzi—i-nicotinamide riboside, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-NR. Njengesandulela se-NAD+, i-nicotinamide riboside kucingelwa ukuba inefuthe elimangalisayo lokulwa nokwaluphala. Ngokunyusa amanqanaba e-NAD+, i-nicotinamide riboside iphucula umsebenzi we-sirtuin, iphucula umsebenzi we-mitochondrial, kwaye ivuselela iindlela ezahlukeneyo zeseli ezibandakanyekayo kwinkqubo yokulwa nokwaluphala.
I-Nicotinamide riboside (NR) luhlobo lwevithamini B3, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-nicotinic acid okanye i-nicotinic acid. Yikhompawundi yendalo efumaneka ngobuninzi obuncinci ekutyeni okuthile, njengobisi, igwele, kunye nemifuno ethile.
I-NR yimbangela ye-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), i-coenzyme ekhoyo kuzo zonke iiseli eziphilayo. I-NAD+ idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zebhayoloji, kubandakanya ukuveliswa kwamandla, ukulungiswa kwe-DNA, kunye nokulawulwa kwemetabolism yeseli. Njengoko sikhula, amanqanaba ethu e-NAD+ adla ngokuncipha, nto leyo enokuchaphazela le misebenzi ibalulekileyo. Izongezo ze-NR zicetyisiwe njengendlela yokunyusa amanqanaba e-NAD+ kwaye mhlawumbi inciphise inkqubo yokwaluphala.
Enye yezona nzuzo ziphambili zokongezwa kwe-NR kukukwazi kwayo ukuphucula ukusebenza kwe-mitochondrial. I-Mitochondria ziindawo zamandla zeseli, ezinoxanduva lokuvelisa uninzi lwamandla eseli ngohlobo lwe-adenosine triphosphate (ATP). I-NR ibonakalisiwe ukuba ikhuthaza ukuveliswa kwe-ATP ngokunyusa amanqanaba e-NAD+, ngaloo ndlela ikhuthaza ukuveliswa kwamandla okusebenzayo kunye ne-metabolism yeseli. Oku kwanda kwemveliso yamandla kunokunceda iintlobo ngeentlobo zezicubu kunye namalungu omzimba, kubandakanya ingqondo, intliziyo, kunye nemisipha.
●Yandisa amandla eselula
I-Nicotinamide riboside idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuboneleleni ngamandla kwindawo yamandla yeseli, i-mitochondria. Le khompawundi sisandulela se-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), i-coenzyme ebalulekileyo ebandakanyeka kwiinkqubo ezininzi zeseli, ingakumbi imetabolism yamandla. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukongeza i-NR kunokunyusa amanqanaba e-NAD+ kwaye kukhuthaze ukuphefumla kweseli okusebenzayo kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla.
Amanqanaba e-NAD+ adla ngokuncipha njengoko sikhula, nto leyo ekhokelela ekusebenzeni okubuthathaka kwe-mitochondrial kunye namanqanaba amandla aphantsi ngokubanzi. Nangona kunjalo, ngokongeza i-nicotinamide riboside, kunokwenzeka ukuguqula oku kwehla nokubuyisela amanqanaba amandla olutsha. I-NR ikwafunyenwe ukuba iphucula ukunyamezela komzimba kwaye iphucule ukusebenza kwezemidlalo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yinto ekhangayo kubadlali kunye nabantu abafuna impilo efanelekileyo.
●Ukuphucula ukulungiswa kweeseli kunye nokulwa nokwaluphala
Enye into enomdla kwi-nicotinamide riboside kukuba inamandla okukhuthaza ukulungiswa kwe-DNA kunye nokulwa nomonakalo onxulumene nobudala. I-NAD+ yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokulungiswa kwe-DNA. Ngokongeza i-NR ukwandisa amanqanaba e-NAD+, sinokuphucula amandla eseli okulungisa i-DNA, ngaloo ndlela sikhusele ngempumelelo ekwaluphaleni.
Ukongeza, i-NR ibandakanyekile ekulawuleni iindlela ezibalulekileyo zokuphila ixesha elide, ezifana ne-sirtuins, ezidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ukusebenza kakuhle kweseli. Ezi jini zokuphila ixesha elide zinceda ukuphucula iindlela zokuzikhusela zeseli nxamnye noxinzelelo kwaye zikhuthaze ubomi obude ngokubanzi. Ngokusebenzisa i-sirtuins, i-nicotinamide riboside inokunceda ukulibazisa izifo ezinxulumene nokuguga kwaye inokwandisa ixesha lethu lempilo.
●Ukuthintela izifo ze-neurodegenerative
Izifo ezibangela ukonakala kwengqondo ezifana ne-Alzheimer's kunye ne-Parkinson's ziya zixhaphaka kuluntu lwethu. Uphando lubonisa ukuba i-nicotinamide riboside inokuba negalelo ekuthinteleni ezi zifo zidodobalisayo. Izifundo zifumanise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-NR kuphucula ukusebenza kwe-mitochondrial, kunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative, kwaye kuphucula i-neuroplasticity, zonke ezi zinto zinegalelo kwingqondo esempilweni.
Ukongeza, ukongezwa kwe-NR kuye kwanxulunyaniswa nokusebenza kakuhle kwengqondo, ukugcinwa kwenkumbulo, kunye nokuphucula ukugxila kunye nexesha lokugxila. Nangona kufuneka uphando olongezelelweyo, ezi ziphumo zokuqala zibonisa ukuba i-nicotinamide riboside inokuba yindlela yokuthintela okanye inkxaso kubantu abasengozini yokuwohloka kwemithambo-luvo.
●Ukuphucula uvakalelo lwe-insulin
Izifundo ezininzi zibonise ukuba i-NR inamandla okuphucula impilo ye-metabolism iyonke. Kuye kwabonakala ukuba iphucula uvakalelo lwe-insulin, into ephambili ekugcineni amanqanaba eswekile egazini asempilweni kwaye ithintele uphuhliso lwesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini. Izifundo zikwafumanise ukuba ukongezwa kwe-NR kunokuphucula imetabolism yamafutha, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa amanqanaba e-cholesterol kunye ne-triglyceride ajikelezayo. Ezi ziphumo zibaluleke kakhulu kubantu abaneengxaki ze-metabolism okanye abo batyebe kakhulu okanye abatyebe kakhulu.
●Inamandla okulwa ne-antioxidant
Ukongeza, i-NR ibonakalisiwe ukuba iphucula ukhuseleko lweeseli kwi-oxidative stress. Uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative lwenzeka xa kukho ukungalingani phakathi kokuveliswa kweentlobo ze-reactive oxygen (ROS) kunye nokukwazi komzimba ukuziphelisa ngee-antioxidants. Amanqanaba aphezulu oxinzelelo lwe-oxidative angonakalisa iiseli kwaye anegalelo ekuqhubekeni kwezifo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya umhlaza, isifo sentliziyo, kunye nezifo ze-neurodegenerative. Izifundo zifumanise ukuba ukongeza i-NR kunokuphucula amandla e-antioxidant eeseli kwaye kunciphise impembelelo yoxinzelelo lwe-oxidative emzimbeni.
Uphando lubonisa ukuba i-nicotinamide riboside inamandla okucothisa ukwaluphala ngokunyusa amanqanaba emolekyuli ye-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). I-NAD+ yimolekyuli ebalulekileyo edlala indima ephambili kwimetabolism yeseli.
Amanqanaba e-NAD+ ayancipha ngokwendalo njengoko sikhula. Oku kwehla kuthathwa njengesizathu esiphambili senkqubo yokwaluphala. Ngokunyusa amanqanaba e-NAD+, i-nicotinamide riboside inokunceda ukunciphisa oku kwehla kwaye inciphise imiphumo yokwaluphala.
I-NAD+ ibandakanyeka kwiinkqubo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo zeseli, kubandakanya ukuveliswa kwamandla, ukulungiswa kwe-DNA, kunye nokubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo. Ngokunyusa amanqanaba e-NAD+, i-nicotinamide riboside inokuphucula ezi nkqubo kwaye iphucule ukusebenza kweseli iyonke.
Izifundo ezininzi zibonise iziphumo ezithembisayo kwiiseli zezilwanyana kunye nabantu. Kolunye uphando, abaphandi bafumanise ukuba ukongezwa kwe-nicotinamide riboside kwandisa amanqanaba e-NAD+ kwizicubu zemisipha, ngaloo ndlela kuphucula ukusebenza kwe-mitochondrial kunye nokusebenza kokuzivocavoca kwiimpuku.
Olunye uphando lufumanise ukuba ukongezwa kwe-nicotinamide riboside kuphucule uvakalelo lwe-insulin kunye nokunyamezela i-glucose kwiimpuku ezityebileyo nezinesifo seswekile. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-nicotinamide riboside inokuba neengenelo ezinokubakho kwimpilo ye-metabolism.
Kolunye uphando oluncinci lwabantu abadala abaneminyaka ephakathi nabadala, ukongezwa kwe-nicotinamide riboside kwandisa amanqanaba e-NAD+ kwaye kwaphucula uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokuqina kwemithambo yegazi, iimpawu ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zempilo yentliziyo.
Kolunye uphando, abaphandi bafumanise ukuba ukongezwa kwe-nicotinamide riboside kuphucula ukusebenza kwezihlunu kwaye kuthintela ukulahleka kwezihlunu kubantu abadala. Oku kubonisa ukuba i-nicotinamide riboside inokuba neengenelo ezinokubakho ngokuchasene nokuhla kwezihlunu okunxulumene nobudala.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukwaluphala yinkqubo enzima ephenjelelwa zizinto ezininzi, kubandakanya i-genetics, indlela yokuphila kunye nokusingqongileyo. I-Nicotinamide riboside kufuneka ibonwe njengesongezelelo esinokunceda ukucothisa ukwaluphala kunye nokuxhasa ukwaluphala okunempilo endaweni yokuba yinto emangalisayo.
EziliqelaI-NAD+ Kuye kwachongwa izinto ezisandul’ ukuzalwa, kuquka i-nicotinamide riboside (NR), i-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), kunye ne-nicotinic acid (NA). Ezi zinto zisandul’ ukuzalwa ziguqulwa zibe yi-NAD+ xa sele zingaphakathi kwiseli.
Phakathi kwezi zinto ziphambili, i-nicotinamide riboside ifumene ingqalelo enkulu ngenxa yokuzinza kwayo, ukufumaneka kwayo emzimbeni, kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukunyusa amanqanaba e-NAD+. I-NR luhlobo lwe-vitamin B3 oluvela ngokwemvelo kwaye lufumaneka kwizixa ezincinci kubisi nakwezinye ukutya. Kuye kwabonakala ukuba iphucula ukwenziwa kwe-NAD+ kwaye ivuselela umsebenzi we-sirtuins, iqela leeproteni ezinxulumene nokuphila ixesha elide.
Enye yeenzuzo ze-nicotinamide riboside kukukwazi kwayo ukudlula amanyathelo aphakathi afunekayo ukuze kuhlanganiswe i-NAD+. Ingaguqulwa ngqo ibe yi-NAD+ ngaphandle kwesidingo see-enzymes ezongezelelweyo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ezinye izinto ezisandula ukwenziwa ezifana ne-nicotinamide mononucleotide zifuna amanyathelo e-enzyme ongezelelweyo aquka i-nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) ukuze iguqulwe ibe yi-NAD+.
Izifundo ezininzi zithelekise ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-nicotinamide riboside nezinye izinto ezibangela i-NAD+, kwaye i-NR ihlala iphuma phambili. Kwisifundo sangaphambi kokunyanga kwiimpuku ezalupheleyo, ukongeza i-nicotinamide riboside kufunyenwe kunyusa amanqanaba e-NAD+, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwe-mitochondrial, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwemisipha.
Uphononongo olucwangcisiweyo, olungaboni kabini, olulawulwa yi-placebo kubantu abadala abasempilweni nalo lubonise iziphumo ezithembisayo. Amanqanaba e-NAD+ anyuswe kakhulu kubathathi-nxaxheba abathatha i-nicotinamide riboside xa kuthelekiswa neqela le-placebo. Ukongeza, baxele ukuba ukusebenza kwengqondo kuphuculwe kwaye kwancipha ukudinwa kwengqondo.
Nangona ezinye izinto ezibangela i-NAD+, ezifana ne-nicotinamide mononucleotide kunye ne-niacin, zibonise iziphumo ezilungileyo kumanqanaba e-NAD+ kwezinye izifundo, azikabonakalisi inqanaba elifanayo lokusebenza njenge-nicotinamide riboside.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba nangona i-nicotinamide riboside ibonakala isebenza ngakumbi ekwandiseni amanqanaba e-NAD+, iimpendulo zomntu ngamnye zinokwahluka. Abanye abantu banokufumanisa ukuba ezinye izinto ezingaphambili, ezifana ne-nicotinamide mononucleotide okanye i-niacin, zilungele ngakumbi iimfuno zabo ezithile.
Izongezo ze-riboside zeNicotinamide ziyafumaneka kwiipilisi, iikhaphu, kunye neefom zomgubo. Ukufumana idosi ye-NR efanelekileyo kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ubudala, impilo, kunye nemiphumo oyifunayo. Ke ngoko, kusoloko kububulumko ukubonisana neengcali zezempilo ngaphambi kokuba uqalise naluphi na uhlobo olutsha lwezongezo, njengoko zinokukunika iingcebiso ezizimeleyo ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zakho ezithile.
Ngaphezu koko, njengoko udumo lwe-NR lukhula kwaye iintlobo ezininzi zingena kwimarike, kubalulekile ukukhetha umthombo othembekileyo nothembekileyo. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa ukhetha isongezelelo se-NR:
1. Ubumsulwa kunye noMgangatho: Khangela iimveliso ezivavanyiweyo kwaye ziqinisekisiwe liqela lesithathu ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo yomgangatho. Khangela izongezo ezingenazo izihluzi, izongezo eziyingozi, kunye nezinto ezingcolisayo.
2. Iindlela Zokuvelisa: Khetha izongezo ezenziwe kwiindawo ezibhalisiweyo yi-FDA kwaye ulandele izikhokelo zeGood Manufacturing Practice (GMP). Oku kuqinisekisa ukuhambelana, ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.
4. Udumo kunye noPhononongo lwaBathengi: Jonga uphononongo lwabathengi kunye novavanyo ukuze ufumane ulwazi ngokusebenza kakuhle kwesongezo kunye nokwaneliseka kwabathengi ngokubanzi.
Q: Isebenza njani iNicotinamide Riboside (NR)?
A: I-Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) isebenza ngokunyusa amanqanaba e-NAD+ emzimbeni. I-NAD+ ibandakanyeka kwimveliso yamandla eseli, ukulungiswa kwe-DNA, kunye nokugcina impilo kunye nokusebenza kwe-mitochondria.
Q: Zithini iziphumo ezinokubakho zokulwa nokwaluphala zeNicotinamide Riboside (NR)?
A: I-Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) ibonakalise iziphumo ezithembisayo zokulwa nokwaluphala ngendima yayo ekunyuseni amanqanaba e-NAD+. Amanqanaba anyukileyo e-NAD+ anokuphucula ukusebenza kwe-mitochondrial, aphucule ukuveliswa kwamandla eseli, kwaye akhuthaze ukulungiswa kwe-DNA, konke oku kunokunceda ekulweni nokuhla okunxulumene nobudala kunye nokuphucula impilo iyonke.
Isikhanyeli: Eli nqaku lenzelwe ulwazi oluqhelekileyo kuphela kwaye akufuneki lithathwe njengengcebiso yezonyango. Olunye ulwazi lweposi yebhlog luvela kwi-Intanethi kwaye alungobungcali. Le webhusayithi inoxanduva lokuhlela, ukufomatha kunye nokuhlela amanqaku kuphela. Injongo yokudlulisa ulwazi oluthe kratya ayithethi ukuba uyavumelana nezimvo zayo okanye uqinisekisa ubunyani bomxholo wayo. Soloko uqhagamshelana neengcali zezempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa naziphi na izongezo okanye ukwenza utshintsho kwindlela yakho yokhathalelo lwempilo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-10-2023
