I-NAD+ ikwabizwa ngokuba yicoenzyme, kwaye igama layo elipheleleyo yi-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Yicoenzyme ebalulekileyo kumjikelo we-tricarboxylic acid. Ikhuthaza imetabolism yeswekile, amafutha, kunye ne-amino acids, ithatha inxaxheba kwi-synthesis yamandla, kwaye ithatha inxaxheba kumawaka eempendulo kwiseli nganye. Isixa esikhulu sedatha yovavanyo lubonisa ukuba i-NAD+ ibandakanyeka ngokubanzi kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo esisiseko ye-physiological emzimbeni, ngaloo ndlela ingenelela kwimisebenzi ephambili yeselula efana ne-metabolism yamandla, ukulungiswa kwe-DNA, ukuguqulwa kofuzo, ukudumba, isingqisho sebhayoloji, kunye nokumelana noxinzelelo.
Ngokophando olufanelekileyo, inqanaba le-NAD + emzimbeni womntu liya kuncipha ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Ukuncipha kwamanqanaba e-NAD + kunokukhokelela ekwehleni kwemithambo-luvo, ukulahleka kombono, ukutyeba kakhulu, ukwehla kokusebenza kwentliziyo kunye nokunye ukwehla kokusebenza. Ke ngoko, indlela yokunyusa inqanaba leNAD + emzimbeni womntu ibisoloko ingumbuzo. Isihloko sophando olushushu kuluntu lwe-biomedical.
Kuba, njengoko sikhula, DNA ukwanda komonakalo. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokulungisa i-DNA, imfuno ye-PARP1 iyanda, umsebenzi we-SIRT ulinganiselwe, ukusetyenziswa kwe-NAD + kunyuswa, kwaye inani le-NAD + liyancipha ngokwendalo.
Umzimba wethu uyilwe ziiseli ezimalunga ne-37 yetriliyoni. Iiseli kufuneka zigqibe "umsebenzi" omninzi okanye iimpendulo zeselula - ukuze zizigcine ngokwazo. Iseli yakho nganye kwiitriliyoni ezingama-37 ixhomekeke kwi-NAD+ ukwenza umsebenzi wayo oqhubekayo.
Njengoko abemi behlabathi bekhula, izifo ezinxulumene nokwaluphala njengesifo sika-Alzheimer, isifo sentliziyo, iingxaki zamalungu, ukulala, neengxaki zentliziyo ziye zaba zizifo ezibalulekileyo ezisongela impilo yabantu.
NAD+ amanqanaba ehla ngobudala, ngokusekwe kwimilinganiselo esuka kwiisampulu zolusu lomntu:
Iziphumo zomlinganiselo zibonisa ukuba njengoko iminyaka ikhula, i-NAD + emzimbeni womntu iya kuncipha ngokuthe ngcembe. Ke yintoni ebangela ukuhla kweNAD +?
Ezona zizathu ziphambili zokuhla kwe-NAD+ zezi: ukwaluphala kunye nokunyuka kwemfuno ye-NAD+, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwamanqanaba e-NAD+ kwizihlunu ezininzi, kubandakanya isibindi, isihlunu samathambo, kunye nengqondo. Njengomphumo wokunciphisa, ukungasebenzi kwe-mitochondrial, uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kunye nokuvuvukala kucatshangelwa ukuba negalelo kwiingxaki zempilo ezinxulumene nobudala, ukudala umjikelezo ombi.
1. I-NAD + isebenza njenge-coenzyme kwi-mitochondria ukukhuthaza ibhalansi ye-metabolic, i-NAD + idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ze-metabolic ezifana ne-glycolysis, umjikelezo we-TCA (umjikelezo we-aka Krebs okanye umjikelezo we-citric acid) kunye nekhonkco lokuthutha i-electron, yindlela iiseli ezifumana ngayo amandla. Ukwaluphala kunye nokutya okunekhalori ephezulu kunciphisa amanqanaba e-NAD + emzimbeni.
Uphononongo lubonise ukuba kwiimpuku ezindala, ukuthatha izongezo ze-NAD + kuncitshiswe ukutya- okanye ukuzuza ubunzima obunxulumene nobudala kunye nokuphuculwa komthamo wokuzilolonga. Ukongeza, izifundo ziye zajika iziphumo zesifo seswekile kwiimpuku zabasetyhini, zibonisa iindlela ezintsha zokulwa nezifo ze-metabolic ezifana nokutyeba.
I-NAD+ ibophelela kwii-enzymes kwaye idlulisa ii-electron phakathi kwee-athomu. Ii-electron zisisiseko samandla eselula. I-NAD+ isebenza kwiiseli njengokutshaja ibhetri. Xa ii-electron zisetyenzisiwe, ibhetri iyafa. Kwiiseli, i-NAD + inokukhuthaza ukuhanjiswa kwe-electron kwaye inike amandla kwiiseli. Ngale ndlela, i-NAD + inokunciphisa okanye yandise umsebenzi we-enzyme, ikhuthaza ukubonakaliswa kofuzo kunye nokubonakaliswa kweeseli.
I-NAD + inceda ukulawula umonakalo weDNA
Njengobudala bezinto eziphilayo, izinto ezimbi zokusingqongileyo ezifana nemitha, ungcoliseko, kunye nokuphindaphindwa kwe-DNA engachanekanga kunokonakalisa iDNA. Le yenye yeethiyori zokuguga. Phantse zonke iiseli ziqulethe "uomatshini beemolekyuli" zokulungisa lo monakalo.
Olu lungiso lufuna i-NAD + kunye namandla, ngoko ke umonakalo ogqithisileyo weDNA usebenzisa izixhobo ezixabisekileyo zeselula. Umsebenzi we-PARP, iprotheni ebalulekileyo yokulungisa i-DNA, nayo ixhomekeke kwi-NAD +. Ukuguga okuqhelekileyo kubangela ukuba umonakalo we-DNA uqokelele emzimbeni, i-RARP iyanda, kwaye ke ukugxila kwe-NAD + kuncipha. Umonakalo weDNA yeMitochondrial nakweliphi na inyathelo liya kwandisa oku kuncipha.
2. I-NAD + ichaphazela umsebenzi wobomi obude be-Sirtuins kwaye inqanda ukuguga.
Iigenes ezisandula ukufunyanwa ze-sirtuins, ezaziwa ngokuba "ngabagadi bemfuza," zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni impilo yeeseli. I-Sirtuins yintsapho yee-enzymes ezibandakanyekayo kwimpendulo yoxinzelelo lweselula kunye nokulungiswa komonakalo. Bakwabandakanyeka ekukhuselweni kwe-insulin, inkqubo yokuguga, kunye neemeko zempilo ezinxulumene nokuguga njengezifo ze-neurodeergenerative kunye nesifo seswekile.
I-NAD+ ngamafutha anceda ii-sirtuins ukugcina ingqibelelo ye-genome kunye nokukhuthaza ukulungiswa kwe-DNA. Kanye njengemoto ayinakuphila ngaphandle kwamafutha, iiSirtuins zifuna i-NAD + ukuze isebenze. Iziphumo ezivela kwizifundo zezilwanyana zibonisa ukuba ukonyuka kwamanqanaba e-NAD + emzimbeni kuvula iiproteni ze-sirtuin kwaye kwandisa ixesha lokuphila kwigwele kunye neempuku.
3.Umsebenzi wentliziyo
Ukunyusa amanqanaba e-NAD + kukhusela intliziyo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwentliziyo. Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lunokubangela ukuba intliziyo ibe nkulu kunye nemithambo evalekileyo, nto leyo enokukhokelela kwistroke. Emva kokugcwalisa inqanaba le-NAD+ entliziyweni ngokusebenzisa izongezo ze-NAD+, umonakalo wentliziyo obangelwa kukuphinda uphindwe uthintelwe. Olunye uphononongo lubonise ukuba izongezo ze-NAD+ zikwakhusela iimpuku ekwandiseni intliziyo engaqhelekanga.
4. I-Neurodegeneration
Kwiimpuku ezinesifo sika-Alzheimer, ukonyuka kwamanqanaba e-NAD+ kuphucula ukusebenza kwengqondo ngokunciphisa ukwakhiwa kweeprotheyini eziphazamisa unxibelelwano lobuchopho. Ukunyusa amanqanaba e-NAD+ kukwakhusela iiseli zobuchopho ekufeni xa kungekho gazi laneleyo eliya ebuchotsheni. I-NAD + ibonakala inesithembiso esitsha ekukhuseleni ngokuchasene ne-neurodegeneration kunye nokuphucula imemori.
5. Inkqubo yamajoni omzimba
Njengoko sikhula, amajoni ethu omzimba aye ehla kwaye sisengozini yokugula. Uphando lwakutsha nje lucebisa ukuba amanqanaba e-NAD + adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni iimpendulo ze-immune kunye nokudumba kunye nokusinda kweeseli ngexesha lokuguga. Uphononongo luqaqambisa amandla onyango e-NAD + yokungasebenzi kakuhle kwamajoni omzimba.
6. Ukulawula imetabolism
Ukulwa nomonakalo oxidative
I-NAD + inokunceda ukulibazisa ukuguga ngokuthintela ukukrala, ukulawula i-redox homeostasis yomzimba, ukukhusela iiseli emonakalweni, ukugcina imisebenzi eqhelekileyo ye-metabolic.
7. Ncedisa ekucinezeleni amathumba
I-NAD+ inokuthintela kwaye inyange i-leukopenia ebangelwa yi-radiotherapy kunye ne-chemotherapy, iphucule ukuxhathisa kwechiza okubangelwa kukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide le-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kweeseli ze-T kunye namandla okubulala ithumba.
8. Ukuphucula umsebenzi we-ovarian
Inqanaba le-NAD + kwii-ovari zabasetyhini liyancipha ngendlela exhomekeke kwiminyaka. Ukwandisa umxholo we-NAD + unakoukuphucula umsebenzi we-ovarian mitochondrial,ukunciphisa amanqanaba e-oksijini esebenzayo kwi-oocyte eguga, kunye nokulibaziseka ukuguga kwe-ovarian.
9. Ukuphucula umgangatho wokulala
I-NAD+ inokuphucula ukungalingani kwesigqi se-circadian, ukuphucula umgangatho wokulala, kunye nokukhuthaza ukulala ngokulawula iwotshi yebhayoloji.
Amalungu ahlukeneyo omzimba awakho ngokuzimeleyo. Unxibelelwano kunye nokunxibelelana phakathi kwabo kusondele kakhulu kunokuba sicinga. Izinto ezifihliweyo ngeseli zinokuthuthelwa kuyo nayiphi na indawo emzimbeni ngephanyazo; ulwazi lwe-neurotransmitter luhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza njengombane. Ulusu lwethu, njengesithintelo somzimba uphela, luphambili kwindawo yedabi kwaye lusengozini yokwenzakala okwahlukeneyo. Xa ezi nzakala zingenakulungiseka, kuya kulandela iingxaki ezahlukahlukeneyo ezinjengokwaluphala.
Okokuqala, inkqubo yokuguga kwesikhumba ihamba kunye noluhlu lweenguqu kumanqanaba eeseli kunye neemolekyuli, ezinokuthi zidluliselwe kwezinye izicubu okanye izitho ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
Umzekelo, ukuphindaphindwa kweeseli ze-p16-positive (umakishi wokuguga) eluswini lunxibelelene ngokufanelekileyo neempawu zokuguga zeeseli zomzimba, okuthetha ukuba iminyaka yebhayoloji yolusu inokuqikelela ukuguga komzimba ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile. Ukongeza, uphononongo lufumene ukuba i-microbiota yolusu inokuqikelela ngokuchanekileyo iminyaka yokulandelana kwexesha, iqinisekisa ngakumbi unxibelelwano olusondeleyo phakathi kolusu kunye nokuguga kwenkqubo.
Uncwadi lwangaphambili luchaze ukuba inkqubo yokuguga phakathi kwamalungu ahlukeneyo emzimbeni i-asynchronous, kwaye ulusu lunokuba lilungu lokuqala lokubonisa iimpawu zokuguga. Ngokusekelwe kunxibelelwano olusondeleyo phakathi kokuguga kwesikhumba kunye namanye amalungu omzimba, abantu banesizathu sokukrokra ngesibindi ukuba ukuguga kwesikhumba kunokubangela ukuguga komzimba wonke.
Ukuguga kwesikhumba kunokuchaphazela ingqondo ngenkqubo ye-endocrine
Ukuguga kolusu kunokuchaphazela wonke umzimba nge-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Ulusu alukho nje umqobo, lunemisebenzi ye-neuroendocrine kwaye inokusabela kwi-stimuli yendalo kunye ne-hormone eyimfihlo, i-neuropeptides kunye nezinye izinto.
Ngokomzekelo, i-ultraviolet irradiation inokubangela ukuba iiseli zesikhumba zikhulule iindidi zehomoni kunye nabalamli abavuthayo, njenge-cortisol kunye ne-cytokines. Ezi zinto zinokuvula inkqubo ye-HPA eluswini. Ukusebenza kwe-axis ye-HPA kubangela ukuba i-hypothalamus ikhulule i-corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). Oku kuphinda kukhuthaze idlala elingaphambili lepituitary ukuba likhuphe ihomoni ye-adrenocorticotropic (ACTH), ethi ekugqibeleni iqhube amadlala eadrenal ukuba akhuphe iihomoni zoxinzelelo ezifana necortisol. ICortisol inokuchaphazela iindawo ezininzi zobuchopho, kubandakanya nehippocampus. Ukubonakaliswa okungapheliyo okanye okugqithisileyo kwe-cortisol kunokuchaphazela kakubi ukusebenza kwe-neuronal kunye neplastiki kwi-hippocampus. Oku ke kuchaphazela umsebenzi wehippocampus kunye nempendulo yoxinzelelo lwengqondo.
Olu nxibelelwano lwesikhumba ukuya ebuchotsheni lungqina ukuba inkqubo yokuguga inokubangelwa yimiba yokusingqongileyo, ethi ibangele kuqala ukusabela kolusu kwaye emva koko ichaphazele ingqondo nge-axis ye-HPA, ekhokelela kwiingxaki zenkqubo ezifana nokuncipha kwengqondo kunye nokwanda komngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo.
Iiseli ze-Skin senescent zikhupha i-SASP kwaye zibangele ukuvuvukala ukuqhuba ukuguga okunxulumene nobudala kunye nezifo
Ukuguga kwesikhumba kunokuchaphazela wonke umzimba ngokukhuthaza ukuvuvukala kunye ne-immunosenescence. Iiseli zolusu ezigugayo zikhupha into ebizwa ngokuba yi "senescence-associated secretory phenotype" (SASP), equka iintlobo ngeentlobo zeecytokines kunye ne-matrix metalloproteinases. I-SASP iguquguquka ngokwasemzimbeni. Inokumelana neendawo ezinobungozi zangaphandle kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko imisebenzi yomzimba isihla, ukukhuselwa okukhulu kwe-SASP kunokubangela ukudumba emzimbeni kwaye kubangele ukungasebenzi kakuhle kweeseli ezingabamelwane, kubandakanya iiseli zomzimba kunye neeseli ze-endothelial. Le meko ephantsi yokuvuvukala icingelwa ukuba ngumqhubi obalulekileyo wezifo ezininzi ezinxulumene nobudala.
I-Coenzymes ithatha inxaxheba kwimetabolism yezinto ezibalulekileyo ezifana neswekile, i-fat, kunye neprotheni emzimbeni womntu, kwaye idlala indima ephambili ekulawuleni izinto eziphathekayo kunye ne-metabolism yamandla kunye nokugcina imisebenzi eqhelekileyo yomzimba.NAD yeyona coenzyme ibalulekileyo emzimbeni womntu, ikwabizwa ngokuba yicoenzyme I. Ithatha inxaxheba kumawaka ee-redox enzymatic reactions kumzimba womntu. Yinto eyimfuneko kwimetabolism yayo yonke iseli. Inemisebenzi emininzi, imisebenzi ephambili yile:
1. Ukukhuthaza ukuveliswa kwe-bioenergy
I-NAD + ivelisa i-ATP ngokuphefumla kweselula, yongeza ngokuthe ngqo amandla eseli kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kweeseli;
2. Lungisa imizila yemfuza
I-NAD + kuphela kwe-substrate ye-DNA yokulungisa i-enzyme PARP. Olu hlobo lwe-enzyme luthatha inxaxheba ekulungiseni i-DNA, lunceda ukulungisa i-DNA eyonakeleyo kunye neeseli, ukunciphisa ithuba lokuguqulwa kweseli, kunye nokuthintela ukwenzeka komhlaza;
3. Sebenzisa zonke iiprotheyini zexesha elide
I-NAD+ inokusebenzisa zonke iiproteni ezi-7 zobomi obude, ke i-NAD+ inefuthe elibaluleke ngakumbi ekuchaseni ukuguga kunye nokwandisa ubomi;
4. Yomeleza amajoni omzimba
I-NAD + yomeleza amajoni omzimba kwaye iphucula ukhuseleko lweeseli ngokukhetha ukukhetha ukusinda kunye nokusebenza kweeseli ze-T ezilawulayo.
Ngokucacileyo, ukwaluphala kukhatshwa kukwehla okuqhubelekayo kwezicubu kunye namanqanaba eselula e-NAD + kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kubandakanya iimpuku kunye nabantu. Ukwehla kwamanqanaba e-NAD + kunxulunyaniswa nezifo ezininzi ezinxulumene nokwaluphala, kubandakanya ukuncipha kwengqondo, umhlaza, isifo se-metabolic, i-sarcopenia, kunye nobuthathaka.
Akukho nikezelo lungapheliyo lwe-NAD + emzimbeni wethu. Umxholo kunye nomsebenzi we-NAD + emzimbeni womntu uya kuncipha ngokuhamba kweminyaka, kwaye uya kuncipha ngokukhawuleza emva kweminyaka engama-30, okukhokelela ekugugeni kweeseli, i-apoptosis kunye nokulahleka kwesakhono sokuvuselela. .
Ngapha koko, ukuncitshiswa kwe-NAD + kuya kubangela uthotho lweengxaki zempilo, ke ukuba i-NAD + ayinako ukuphinda iphinde iphinde ifike kwangexesha, iziphumo zinokucingelwa.
Isongezelelo esisuka ekutyeni
Ukutya okunje ngekhaphetshu, i-broccoli, iavokhado, i-steak, amakhowa, kunye ne-edamame ziqulathe i-NAD+ precursors, enokuguqulwa ibe yi-NAD esebenzayo* emzimbeni emva kokufunxa.
Nciphisa ukutya kunye neekhalori
Isithintelo se-caloric esiphakathi sinokuvula iindlela zokuva amandla ngaphakathi kweeseli kunye nokwandisa ngokungaqhelekanga amanqanaba e-NAD *. Kodwa qiniseka ukuba utya ukutya okunokulinganisela ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zesondlo somzimba wakho.
Qhubeka ushukuma kwaye uzilolonge
Ukuzilolonga okuphakathi kwe-aerobic njengokubaleka kunye nokuqubha kunokonyusa amanqanaba e-NAD + e-intracellular, ukunceda ukonyusa ukuhanjiswa kweoksijini emzimbeni kunye nokuphucula imetabolism yamandla.
Landela imikhwa yokulala esempilweni
Ngexesha lokulala, umzimba womntu uqhuba iinkqubo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo zemetabolism kunye nokulungiswa, kubandakanywa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-NAD*.Ukufumana ubuthongo oneleyo kunceda ukugcina amanqanaba aqhelekileyo e-NAD*
05Fakela i-NAD+ izinto ze-precursor
Aba bantu balandelayo abanakufumana unyango
Abantu abanokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso, abo benza idialysis, abaxhuzulayo, abakhulelweyo, abancancisayo, abantwana, abo baphantsi konyango lomhlaza, abo bathatha amayeza, kunye nabo banembali ye-allergies, nceda udibane nogqirha wakho okhoyo.
Umbuzo: Ziziphi izongezo ze-NAD + ezisetyenziselwa ntoni?
A: isongezelelo se-NAD + sisongezelelo sesondlo esongeza i-coenzyme NAD + (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). I-NAD + idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimetabolism yamandla kunye nokulungiswa kweeseli ngaphakathi kweeseli.
Umbuzo: Ngaba izongezo ze-NAD + zisebenza ngokwenene?
A: Olunye uphando lucebisa ukuba izongezo ze-NAD + zinokunceda ukuphucula i-metabolism yamandla eselula kwaye icothise inkqubo yokuguga.
Umbuzo:Yeyiphi imithombo yokutya ye-NAD+?
A: Imithombo yokutya ye-NAD + ibandakanya inyama, intlanzi, iimveliso zobisi, iimbotyi, amantongomane kunye nemifuno. Oku kutya kuqulathe ngakumbi i-niacinamide kunye ne-niacin, enokuthi iguqulwe ibe yi-NAD + emzimbeni.
Umbuzo: Ndikhetha njani isongezelelo se-NAD +?
A: Xa ukhetha izongezelelo ze-NAD +, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqale ufune iingcebiso kugqirha okanye kwisondlo sokutya ukuze uqonde iimfuno zakho zesondlo kunye nesimo sempilo. Ukongeza, khetha uphawu oluthembekileyo, jonga izithako zemveliso kunye nedosi, kwaye ulandele isikhokelo sedosi kwi-insert yemveliso.
Ukuziphendulela: Eli nqaku lelolwazi ngokubanzi kuphela kwaye akufanele lithathwe njengeliphi na icebiso lonyango. Olunye ulwazi lweposti yebhlog luvela kwi-Intanethi kwaye alunamsebenzi. Le webhusayithi inoxanduva kuphela lokuhlela, ukufomatha kunye nokuhlela amanqaku. Injongo yokudlulisa ulwazi olongezelelekileyo ayithethi ukuba uyavumelana neembono zayo okanye uqinisekise ubunyani bomxholo wayo. Soloko udibana nengcali yezempilo ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise naziphi na izongezo okanye wenze utshintsho kwirejimeni yokhathalelo lwempilo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-06-2024
