I-Autophagy yinkqubo yendalo ngaphakathi kwiiseli zethu esebenza njengomlindi wokukhusela impilo yethu ngokuqhekeza izinto ezindala, ezonakeleyo zeseli kwaye ziphinde zisetyenziswe zibe ngamandla. Le ndlela yokuzicoca idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni impilo efanelekileyo, ukuthintela izifo kunye nokwandisa ubomi. Ngethamsanqa, kukho iindlela ezininzi esinokuyiphucula kwaye sivuselele i-autophagy ukuze iiseli zethu zisebenze kakuhle.
Igama elithi autophagy, elivela kumagama esiGrike athi "auto" elithetha "self" kunye nelithi "phagy" elithetha ukutya, libhekisa kwinkqubo esisiseko yeseli evumela iiseli ukuba zonakalise kwaye ziphinde zisebenzise izinto zazo. Lingathathwa njengendlela yokuzicoca edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni impilo yeseli kunye ne-homeostasis.
Emizimbeni yethu, izigidi zeeseli zihlala zisenza i-autophagy ukuze kususwe iiproteni ezonakeleyo okanye ezigobileyo, ii-organelles ezingasebenzi kakuhle kunye nezinye izinto ezingafunekiyo zeeseli. Le nkqubo inceda ekuthinteleni ukuqokelelwa kwezinto ezinobuthi kwaye ivumela ukuphinda kusetyenziswe ii-macromolecules, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kweeseli.
indlela yokusebenza
I-Autophagyisebenza ngothotho lwamanyathelo anzima kakhulu nalawulwa ngokuqinileyo. Le nkqubo iqala ngokwenziwa kwezakhiwo ezine-membrane ezimbini ezibizwa ngokuba zii-autophagosomes, ezigubungela izinto ekujoliswe kuzo ngaphakathi kweeseli. Emva koko i-autophagosome idibana ne-lysosome, i-organelle ekhethekileyo equlethe iintlobo ngeentlobo zee-enzymes, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuwohlokeni komxholo wayo.
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ze-autophagy: i-macroautophagy, i-microautophagy, kunye ne-autophagy ekhokelwa yi-chaperone. I-Macroautophagy ibandakanya ukonakala okukhulu kwezixhobo zeseli, ngelixa i-microautophagy ibandakanya ukuminxeka ngokuthe ngqo kwezinto ze-cytoplasmic yi-lysosomes. Kwelinye icala, i-autophagy ekhokelwa yi-chaperone ijolise ngokukhethekileyo kwiiproteni ukuze zonakaliswe.
Ukulungisa kunye nokubonisa iimpawu
I-Autophagy ilawulwa ngokuqinileyo ziindlela ezininzi zokubonisa iimpawu xa kuphendulwa izinto ezahlukeneyo ezibangela uxinzelelo lweseli, ezinje ngokunqongophala kwezondlo, uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative, usulelo kunye nokuhlanganiswa kweeproteni. Omnye wabalawuli abaphambili be-autophagy yinjongo yezilwanyana ezincancisayo ye-rapamycin (mTOR), i-protein kinase ethintela i-autophagy xa izondlo zininzi. Nangona kunjalo, phantsi kweemeko zokunciphisa izondlo, i-mTOR signaling iyathintelwa, nto leyo ekhokelela ekusebenzeni kwe-autophagy.
1. Ukuzila ukutya okukhawulezileyo:
Ngokunciphisa ixesha lokutya, ukuzila ukutya okwethutyana kubeka umzimba kwimeko yokuzila ukutya ixesha elide, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iiseli zisebenzise amandla agciniweyo kwaye ziqalise i-autophagy.
2. Uqheliso:
Ukuzilolonga rhoqo akugcini nje ngokugcina imizimba yethu iphilile, kodwa kusebenza njengento enamandla yokukhuthaza i-autophagy. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kumthambo we-aerobic kunye nokumelana kukhuthaza i-autophagy, okukhuthaza ukuhlanjululwa kunye nokuvuselelwa kwinqanaba leeseli.
3. Uthintelo lweekhalori:
Ukongeza ekuzileni ukutya okwethutyana, ukunqunyanyiswa kweekhalori (CR) yenye indlela eqinisekisiweyo yokuphucula i-autophagy. Ngokunciphisa ukutya kwakho kweekhalori, i-CR inyanzela iiseli zakho ukuba zigcine amandla kwaye ziqalise i-autophagy ukuze zigcine imisebenzi ebalulekileyo.
4. Ukutya kweKetogenic:
Umsebenzi we-Autophagic uphuculwa ngokubangela i-ketosis ngokunciphisa kakhulu ukutya iicarbohydrates kunye nokunyusa ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha.
5. Ukutya okutyebileyo kwiikhemikhali ze-phytochemicals:
Iikhompawundi ezithile zezityalo, ingakumbi ezo zifumaneka kwiziqhamo ezimibalabala, imifuno kunye neziqholo, zineempawu ezibangela i-autophagy.
6. Thatha izongezo ezithile:
I-Autophagy inokubangela ukongeza izongezo ze-autophagy ekutyeni ukuze kuphuculwe impilo.
1. Iti eluhlaza
Ityebile kwiikhompawundi ze-antioxidant ezifana nee-catechins, iti eluhlaza kudala yaziwa ngeenzuzo zayo zempilo. Ukongeza ekubeni inamandla okuphucula imetabolism kunye nokuxhasa ukunciphisa umzimba, iti eluhlaza ikwabonakalisiwe ukuba ivuselela i-autophagy. Iipolyphenols ezifumaneka kwiti eluhlaza zivuselela ukubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo ezibandakanyeka kwi-autophagy, nto leyo enceda ukugcina ulungelelwano lweseli kunye nokusebenza.
2. I-Turmeric
I-Curcumin, into esebenzayo kwi-turmeric enombala wayo otyheli ocacileyo, ineempawu ezinamandla zokulwa nokuvuvukala kunye ne-antioxidant. Izifundo ezintsha zibonise ukuba i-curcumin inokubangela i-autophagy ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezithile zeemolekyuli. Ukufaka i-turmeric ekutyeni kwakho, nokuba kukupheka okanye njengesongezelelo, kunokunceda ukusebenzisa amandla e-autophagy ukuphucula impilo.
3. IBerberine
Uphononongo oluphonononga i-berberine lufumanise ukuba le khemikhali inokuba nakho ukukhuthaza i-autophagy. I-Berberine ifumaneka kumaqunube, kwi-turmeric yomthi, nakwezinye izityalo.
4. Amaqunube
Amaqunube afana neeblueberries, amaqunube, kunye neerasbheri awamnandi nje kuphela, kodwa azele ziimpawu ezikhuthaza impilo. Ezi ziqhamo zibalaseleyo zityebile kwi-polyphenols, iikhompawundi ezaziwa ngokuphucula i-autophagy. Ngokutya iintlobo ngeentlobo zamaqunube amatsha okanye aqandisiweyo, unokuqinisekisa ukuba ezi khompawundi zezityalo eziluncedo zixhasa inkqubo ye-autophagy enamandla nesebenzayo.
5. Imifuno eqhotsiweyo
Imifuno yeCruciferous, kuquka ibroccoli, i-cauliflower, i-kale kunye ne-Brussels sprouts, ziqulathe uluhlu olumangalisayo lwee-compounds ezikhuthaza impilo, ezifana ne-sulforaphane kunye ne-indole-3-carbinol. Ezi compounds zibonakalisiwe ukuba zivuselela i-autophagy kwaye zithintele umonakalo weeseli obangelwa luxinzelelo lwe-oxidative. Ukufakwa kokutya kwemifuno eyahlukeneyo ye-cruciferous akuboneleli nje kuphela ngezondlo ezibalulekileyo kodwa kukwakhuthaza ukuqaliswa kwe-autophagy.
1. I-Curcumin
I-Curcumin, isithako esisebenzayo kwi-turmeric, kudala sixatyiswa ngenxa yeempawu zayo zokulwa nokuvuvukala kunye ne-antioxidant. Izifundo zakutshanje zikwabonise ukuba i-curcumin inokubangela i-autophagy, nto leyo ephucula impilo yeseli. I-Curcumin ivuselela iijini ezithile kunye neendlela zokubonisa ezibandakanyekayo ekulawuleni i-autophagy. Amandla ayo okuphucula i-autophagy anokunceda izifo ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene noxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kweseli.
2. IBerberine
I-Berberine yikhompawundi yendalo efumaneka kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo, kuquka i-barberry kunye ne-goldenseal. Esi songezo sinamandla sezityalo siye safundwa ngokubanzi ngemiphumo yaso yokunyanga kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, kuquka iingxaki ze-metabolic. I-Berberine ikwafunyenwe ukuba ibangela i-autophagy ngokutshintsha indlela ezibonakala ngayo ii-genes ezinxulumene ne-autophagy. Ngokudibanisa ne-berberine, unokuphucula i-autophagy kwaye uphucule impilo yeeseli, ngakumbi xa kufikwa kwimpilo ye-metabolic.
3. I-Spermidine
I-Spermidine (i-spermidine) yinto encinci ye-molecule organic ekhoyo ngokwendalo kwiiseli. Izifundo zifumanise ukuba kukho ubudlelwane obusondeleyo phakathi kwe-spermidine kunye ne-autophagy. I-Spermidine ingenza indlela ye-autophagy isebenze kwaye ikhuthaze i-autophagy. Izifundo zibonise ukuba i-spermidine inokunyusa ukubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo ezinxulumene ne-autophagy kwaye ikhuthaze i-autophagy ngokulawula amanqanaba eeproteni ezinxulumene ne-autophagy. Ukongeza, i-spermidine ingenza i-autophagy isebenze ngokuthintela indlela yokubonisa i-mTOR.
Isikhanyeli: Eli nqaku lenzelwe ulwazi kuphela kwaye akufuneki lithathwe njengengcebiso yezonyango. Soloko unxibelelana neengcali zezempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa naziphi na izongezo okanye ukutshintsha inkqubo yakho yezempilo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Septemba-01-2023
