I-Autophagy yinkqubo yendalo ngaphakathi kweeseli zethu ezisebenza njengomlindi wokukhusela impilo yethu ngokudiliza izinto ezindala, ezonakalisiweyo zeselula kunye nokuphinda zisetyenziswe amandla. Le ndlela yokuzicoca idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni impilo esemgangathweni, ukukhusela izifo kunye nokwandisa ubomi. Ngethamsanqa, kukho iindlela ezininzi esinokuziphucula kwaye sivuselele i-autophagy ukuze iiseli zethu zisebenze ngokugqibeleleyo.
Igama elithi autophagy, lithatyathwe kwigama lesiGrike elithi "auto" elithetha "ubuqu" kunye "nephagy" elithetha ukutya, libhekisa kwinkqubo esisiseko yeselula evumela iiseli ukuba zithobe kwaye ziphinde zisebenzise izinto zazo. Inokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo njengendlela yokuzicoca edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni impilo yeselula kunye ne-homeostasis.
Emizimbeni yethu, izigidi zeeseli zihlala zifumana i-autophagy ukuze zisuse iiprotheni ezonakalisiweyo okanye eziphosakeleyo, i-organelles engasebenziyo kunye nolunye udoti weselula. Le nkqubo inceda ukuthintela ukuqokelelwa kwezinto ezinobuthi kwaye yenza ukuphinda kusetyenziswe ii-macromolecules, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kweeseli.
indlela yokwenza
I-Autophagyisebenza ngoluhlu lwamanyathelo antsonkothileyo kakhulu kwaye alawulwa ngokungqongqo. Inkqubo iqala ngokwenziwa kwezakhiwo ezine-membrane eziphindwe kabini ezibizwa ngokuba zii-autophagosomes, ezigquma izinto ekujoliswe kuzo ngaphakathi kweeseli. I-autophagosome ke idibanisa ne-lysosome, i-organelle ekhethekileyo equlethe iindidi ze-enzymes, ekhokelela ekuthotyweni kwezinto ezikuyo.
Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili ze-autophagy: i-macroautophagy, i-microautophagy, kunye ne-chaperone-mediated autophagy. I-Macroautophagy ibandakanya ukuthotywa okukhulu kwamacandelo eselula, ngelixa i-microautophagy ibandakanya ukufakwa ngokuthe ngqo kwezinto ze-cytoplasmic ngama-lysosomes. Kwelinye icala, i-chaperone-mediated autophagy ijolise ngokukhethekileyo kwiiprotheyini zokuthotywa.
Ukumiselwa kwemeko kunye nokuSawulwa
I-Autophagy ilawulwa ngokuqinileyo ngeendlela ezininzi zokubonisa iimpawu ekuphenduleni kwiingcinezelo ezahlukeneyo zeselula, ezifana nokunqongophala kwezondlo, uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative, usulelo kunye nokuhlanganiswa kweeprotheni. Omnye wabalawuli abaphambili be-autophagy yi-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), iprotein kinase evimbela i-autophagy xa izondlo zininzi. Nangona kunjalo, phantsi kweemeko zokunciphisa izondlo, ukubonakaliswa kwe-mTOR kuvinjelwe, okukhokelela ekusebenzeni kwe-autophagy.
1. Ukuzila ukutya okwethutyana:
Ngokunciphisa ifestile yokutya, ukuzila ukutya okwethutyana kubeka umzimba kwindawo yokuzila ukutya ixesha elide, kubangela ukuba iiseli zisebenzise amandla agciniweyo kwaye ziqalise i-autophagy.
2. Imithambo:
Umsebenzi oqhelekileyo womzimba awugcini nje ukugcina imizimba yethu isempilweni, kodwa ikwasebenza njenge-inducer enamandla ye-autophagy. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwi-aerobic kunye ne-resistance exercise kubangela i-autophagy, ukukhuthaza ukucocwa kunye nokuvuselelwa kwinqanaba leselula.
3. Unyino lweekhalori:
Ukongeza kokuzila ukutya okungapheliyo, ukuthintela i-caloric (CR) yenye indlela eqinisekisiweyo yokuphucula i-autophagy. Ngokunciphisa ukuthathwa kwekhalori yakho iyonke, i-CR inyanzela iiseli zakho ukuba zigcine amandla kwaye ziqalise i-autophagy ukugcina imisebenzi ebalulekileyo.
4. Ukutya kweKetogenic:
Umsebenzi we-Autophagic uphuculwa ngokubangela i-ketosis ngokukhawulela kakhulu ukuthathwa kwe-carbohydrate kunye nokunyusa ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha.
5. Ukutya okutyebileyo kwiphytochemicals:
Ezinye iikhompawundi zezityalo, ngakumbi ezo zifumaneka kwiziqhamo ezimibalabala, imifuno kunye neziqholo, zineempawu ezibangela i-autophagy.
6. Thatha izongezo ezithile:
I-Autophagy inokubangelwa ngokongeza izongezelelo ze-autophagy ekudleni ukukhuthaza impilo.
1. Iti eluhlaza
Isityebi kwiikhompawundi ze-antioxidant ezifana ne-catechin, iti eluhlaza kudala isaziwa ngeenzuzo zayo zempilo. Ukongeza kumandla ayo okunyusa imetabolism kunye nokuxhasa ukwehla kobunzima, iti eluhlaza nayo ibonakaliswe ukuba isebenze i-autophagy. Iipolyphenols ezifumaneka kwiti eluhlaza zivuselela ukubonakaliswa kwemfuza ebandakanyekayo kwi-autophagy, enceda ukugcina ibhalansi yeselula kunye nokusebenza.
2. I-Turmeric
I-Curcumin, i-compound esebenzayo kwi-turmeric kunye ne-yellow hue ecacileyo, inezixhobo ezinamandla ezichasayo kunye ne-antioxidant. Uphononongo olusakhulayo lubonise ukuba i-curcumin inokwenza i-autophagy ngokuvula iindlela ezithile zeemolekyuli. Ukubandakanya i-turmeric ekudleni kwakho, nokuba kukupheka okanye njengesongezelelo, kunokunceda ukuhlanganisa amandla okuzisebenzela ukuphucula impilo.
3. Berberine
Uphononongo oluvavanya i-berberine lufumanise ukuba le khompawundi inokuba namandla okwenza i-autophagy. I-Berberine ifumaneka kumaqunube, kwi-treat turmeric, kunye namanye amayeza.
4. Amaqunube
Amajikijolo afana ne-blueberries, i-strawberries, kunye ne-raspberries ayimnandi nje kuphela, kodwa igcwele iimpawu zokukhuthaza impilo. Ezi ziqhamo zidlamkileyo zizityebi kwi-polyphenols, iikhompawundi ezaziwa ngokwandisa i-autophagy. Ngokutya iintlobo zamaqunube amatsha okanye akhenkcezisiweyo, unokuqinisekisa unikezelo oluzinzileyo lwezi zityalo eziluncedo ezixhasa inkqubo eyomeleleyo nesebenzayo ye-autophagy.
5. Imifuno yeCruciferous
Imifuno ye-Cruciferous, kuquka i-broccoli, i-cauliflower, i-kale kunye ne-Brussels sprouts, iqulethe uluhlu olumangalisayo lwee-compounds ezikhuthaza impilo, ezifana ne-sulforaphane kunye ne-indole-3-carbinol. Ezi zixhobo zibonakaliswe ukuba zisebenze i-autophagy kunye nokukhusela umonakalo weselula obangelwa uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative. Ukufakwa kokutya kwemifuno ehlukahlukeneyo ye-cruciferous ayiboneleli nje kuphela izondlo eziyimfuneko kodwa ikhuthaza ukufakwa kwe-autophagy.
1. I-Curcumin
I-Curcumin, isithako esisebenzayo kwi-turmeric, sele ixabisa ixesha elide ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezichasayo kunye ne-antioxidant. Uphononongo lwakutsha nje luye lwabonisa ukuba i-curcumin inokubangela i-autophagy, ephucula impilo yeselula. I-Curcumin ivuselela izakhi zofuzo ezithile kunye neendlela zokubonisa iimpawu ezibandakanyekayo kulawulo lwe-autophagy. Ukukwazi kwayo ukuphucula i-autophagy kunokunceda izifo ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene noxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kweselula.
2. Berberine
I-Berberine yikhompawundi yendalo efumaneka kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo, kuquka i-barberry kunye ne-goldenseal. Esi songezelelo sebhotani esinamandla sifundwe ngokubanzi ngeziphumo zalo zonyango kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic. I-Berberine nayo yafunyanwa ibangela i-autophagy ngokuguqula ukubonakaliswa kweejene ezinxulumene ne-autophagy. Ngokuncedisa nge-berberine, unokuthi uphucule i-autophagy kunye nokuphucula impilo yeselula, ngakumbi xa kuziwa kwimpilo ye-metabolic.
3. I-Spermidine
I-Spermidine (i-spermidine) yinto encinci ye-molecular organic ngokwemvelo ekhoyo kwiiseli. Izifundo ziye zafumanisa ukuba kukho ubudlelwane obusondeleyo phakathi kwe-spermidine kunye ne-autophagy. I-Spermidine inokuvula indlela ye-autophagy kwaye ikhuthaze i-autophagy. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba i-spermidine inokunyusa ukubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo ezinxulumene ne-autophagy kwaye ikhuthaze i-autophagy ngokulawula amanqanaba eeprotheni ezinxulumene ne-autophagy. Ukongeza, i-spermidine inokuphinda isebenze i-autophagy ngokuvimbela indlela yokubonisa i-mTOR.
Ukuziphendulela: Eli nqaku lenzelwe iinjongo zolwazi kuphela kwaye akufanele lithathwe njengengcebiso yezonyango. Soloko udibana nengcali yezempilo phambi kokuba usebenzise naziphi na izongezo okanye utshintshe irejimeni yokhathalelo lwempilo yakho.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-01-2023
