Izongezo ezi-5 eziphezulu zokulwa nokuguga: Yeyiphi eNgcono ekuphuculeni iMpilo yeMitochondrial?

I-Mitochondria ihlala ibizwa ngokuba "zizikhululo zamandla" zeseli, igama eligxininisa indima yabo ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yamandla. Ezi organelles zincinci zibaluleke kakhulu kwiinkqubo zeselula ezingenakubalwa, kwaye ukubaluleka kwazo kudlulela ngaphaya kokuveliswa kwamandla. Kukho izongezo ezininzi ezikhoyo ezinokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo impilo ye-mitochondrial. Makhe sijonge!

Ubume bemitochondria

I-Mitochondria iyodwa phakathi kwe-organelles yeselula ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo se-membrane ephindwe kabini. I-membrane yangaphandle igudile kwaye isebenza njengomqobo phakathi kwe-cytoplasm kunye nommandla wangaphakathi we-mitochondria. Nangona kunjalo, i-intima igoqeke kakhulu, yenze imigobe ebizwa ngokuba yicristae. Ezi cristae zandisa indawo engaphezulu ekhoyo kwi-chemical reactions, ebaluleke kakhulu kumsebenzi we-organelle.

Ngaphakathi kwenwebu yangaphakathi kukho i-mitochondrial matrix, into efana nejeli equlethe i-enzymes, i-mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), kunye ne-ribosomes. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye ii-organelles, i-mitochondria inezinto zayo zofuzo, ezizuzwe kumgca womama. Eli nqaku likhethekileyo likhokelela izazinzulu ukuba zikholelwe ukuba i-mitochondria ivela kwiibhaktheriya zamandulo ze-symbiotic.

Umsebenzi weMitochondrial

1. Imveliso yamandla

Umsebenzi ophambili we-mitochondria kukuvelisa i-adenosine triphosphate (ATP), imali yokuqala yeseli yamandla. Le nkqubo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-oxidative phosphorylation, iyenzeka kwi-membrane yangaphakathi kwaye ibandakanya uchungechunge olunzima lwe-biochemical reactions. Ikhonkco lothutho lwe-electron (ETC) kunye ne-ATP synthase ngabadlali abaphambili kule nkqubo.

(1) I-Electron transport chain (ETC): I-ETC luhlu lweeprotheyini eziyinkimbinkimbi kunye nezinye iamolekyu ezifakwe kwi-membrane yangaphakathi. Ii-electron zihanjiswa ngezi zixhobo, ukukhulula amandla asetyenziselwa ukupompa iiproton (H +) ukusuka kwi-matrix ukuya kwindawo ye-intermembrane. Oku kudala i-electrochemical gradient, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-proton motitive force.

(2) I-ATP synthase: I-ATP synthase yi-enzyme esebenzisa amandla agcinwe kwi-proton ye-motive force ukudibanisa i-ATP kwi-adenosine diphosphate (ADP) kunye ne-inorganic phosphate (Pi). Njengoko iiprotoni zibuyela kwi-matrix nge-ATP synthase, i-enzyme ivuselela ukubunjwa kwe-ATP.

2. Iindlela zeMetabolic

Ukongeza kwimveliso ye-ATP, i-mitochondria ibandakanyeka kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo ze-metabolic, kubandakanywa umjikelezo we-citric acid (umjikelezo we-Krebs) kunye ne-fatty acid oxidation. Ezi ndlela zivelisa iimolekyuli eziphakathi ezibaluleke kakhulu kwezinye iinkqubo zeselula, ezifana ne-amino acids, i-nucleotides, kunye ne-lipids.

3. I-Apoptosis

I-Mitochondria ikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekufeni kweseli ecwangcisiweyo, okanye i-apoptosis. Ngexesha le-apoptosis, i-mitochondria ikhupha i-cytochrome c kunye nezinye izinto ze-pro-apoptotic kwi-cytoplasm, ezibangela uthotho lweziganeko ezikhokelela ekufeni kweeseli. Le nkqubo ibalulekile ekugcineni i-homeostasis yeselula kunye nokuphelisa iiseli ezonakalisiweyo okanye ezigulayo.

4. Mitochondria kunye nempilo

Ukunikezelwa kwendima ephambili ye-mitochondria kwimveliso yamandla kunye ne-metabolism yeselula, akumangalisi ukuba ukungasebenzi kwe-mitochondrial kuhambelana noluhlu olubanzi lweengxaki zempilo. Nazi ezinye zeendawo eziphambili apho i-mitochondria ichaphazela impilo yethu:

5.Ukuguga

I-Mitochondria icingelwa ukuba idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuguga. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, i-DNA ye-mitochondrial iqokelela utshintsho kwaye ikhonkco lokuthutha i-electron liyancipha. Oku kukhokelela ekunyuseni kwemveliso yeentlobo ze-oxygen esebenzayo (ROS), eyonakalisa amacandelo eselula kwaye igalelo kwinkqubo yokuguga. Amaqhinga okuphucula umsebenzi we-mitochondrial kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative luphononongwa njengongenelelo olunokuchasana nokuguga.

6. Ukuphazamiseka kweMetabolic

Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kweMitochondrial kukwanxulunyaniswa nokuphazamiseka kwemetabolism eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukutyeba, isifo seswekile, kunye nesifo sentliziyo. Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-mitochondrial kubangela ukunciphisa ukuveliswa kwamandla, ukwandisa ukugcinwa kwamafutha, kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwe-insulin. Ukuphucula umsebenzi we-mitochondrial ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokuphila ezifana nokuzivocavoca kunye nokutya okunempilo kunokunceda ukunciphisa ezi meko.

I-NADH, i-resveratrol, i-astaxanthin, i-coenzyme Q10, i-urolithin A, kunye ne-spermidine zonke izongezo ezifumana ingqwalasela enkulu xa kuziwa ekuphuculeni impilo ye-mitochondrial kunye nokuchasana nokuguga. Nangona kunjalo, isongezelelo ngasinye sineendlela zayo ezizodwa kunye neenzuzo.

1. NADH

Umsebenzi ophambili: I-NADH inokuvelisa ngokufanelekileyo i-NAD + emzimbeni, kwaye i-NAD + iyimolekyuli ephambili kwinkqubo yemetabolism yeselula kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla e-mitochondrial.

Indlela yokuchasana nokuguga: Ngokunyusa amanqanaba e-NAD+, i-NADH inokusebenzisa iprotein yokuphila ixesha elide i-SIRT1, ihlengahlengise iwotshi yebhayoloji, isebenze i-neurotransmitters, kwaye ilawule indlela yokulala. Ukongeza, i-NADH inokulungisa i-DNA eyonakalisiweyo, ixhathise i-oxidation, kwaye iphucule imetabolism yabantu, ngaloo ndlela ifezekisa umphumo obanzi wokulibazisa ukuguga.

Izinto eziluncedo: I-NASA ibona kwaye icebisa i-NADH koosomajukujuku ukuba balawule iiwotshi zabo zebhayoloji, ebonisa ukusebenza kwayo kwizicelo ezisebenzayo.

2. I-Astaxanthin

Imisebenzi ephambili: I-Astaxanthin yi-carotenoid ebomvu ye-β-ionone ene-antioxidant ephezulu kakhulu.

Indlela yokulwa nokuguga: I-Astaxanthin inokucima i-oksijeni ye-singlett, ikhuphe i-radicals yamahhala, kwaye igcine umsebenzi we-mitochondrial ngokukhusela ibhalansi ye-redox ye-mitochondrial. Ukongeza, inyusa umsebenzi we-superoxide dismutase kunye ne-glutathione peroxidase.

Iingenelo: Umthamo we-antioxidant we-astaxanthin uphindwe ngama-6,000 kune-vitamin C kunye ne-550 ephindwe ka-vitamin E, ebonisa amandla ayo anamandla okulwa ne-antioxidant.

3. ICoenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)

Umsebenzi ongundoqo: I-Coenzyme Q10 yi-arhente yokuguqula amandla kwi-cell mitochondria kwaye ikwayi-classical anti-aging nutrient eyaziwa ngokubanzi luluntu lwezenzululwazi.

Indlela yokulwa nokuguga: I-Coenzyme Q10 inamandla okulwa ne-antioxidant, enokuthi ikhuphe i-radicals yamahhala kwaye incede ukubuyisela umsebenzi we-antioxidant we-vitamin C kunye ne-vitamin E ekhutshiwe. Ukongeza, inokubonelela ngeoksijini eyaneleyo kunye namandla kwiiseli zemisipha yentliziyo kunye neeseli zengqondo.

Izinto eziluncedo: I-Coenzyme Q10 ibaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo yentliziyo kwaye inempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni iimpawu zokungaphumeleli kwentliziyo kunye nokunciphisa izinga lokufa kunye nokulaliswa esibhedlele kwizigulane zentliziyo.

4. I-Urolithin A (UA)

Indima ephambili: I-Urolithin A yi-metabolite yesibini eveliswa ngamabhaktheriya amathumbu e-metabolizing polyphenols.

Indlela yokuchasa ukuguga: I-Urolithin A inokuvula i-sirtuins, inyuse i-NAD + kunye namanqanaba amandla eselula, kwaye isuse i-mitochondria eyonakeleyo kwizihlunu zomntu. Ukongezelela, nayo ineempembelelo ezichasayo kunye ne-anti-proliferative.

Izinto eziluncedo: I-Urolithin A inokuwela umqobo wegazi-ingqondo kwaye inamandla okuphucula izifo ze-metabolic kunye nokuchasana nokuguga.

5. I-Spermidine

Iinzuzo eziphambili: I-Spermidine yi-molecule eyenzeka ngokwemvelo eyenziwa yibhaktheriya yamathumbu.

Indlela yokulwa nokuguga: I-Spermidine inokubangela i-mitophagy kwaye isuse i-mitochondria engafanelekanga kunye neyonakalisiweyo. Ukongeza, inamandla okuthintela isifo senhliziyo kunye nokuguga kwabasetyhini.

Iingenelo: I-Dietary spermidine ifumaneka kwiindidi zokutya, njengesoya kunye neenkozo, kwaye zifumaneka lula.

I-Suzhou Myland Pharm & Nutrition Inc. ngumvelisi obhalisiweyo we-FDA obonelela ngomgangatho ophezulu kunye nococeko oluphezulu lokuchasa ukuguga umgubo.

ESuzhou Myland Pharm sizimisele ukubonelela ngezona mveliso zikumgangatho ophezulu ngamaxabiso angcono. Iipowder zethu zokuncedisa ukuguga zivavanyelwa ngokungqongqo ubunyulu kunye namandla, zibenza lolona khetho lufanelekileyo nokuba uyafuna ukuxhasa impilo yeselula, ukomeleza amajoni akho omzimba okanye ukomeleza impilo yonke.

Ineminyaka engama-30 yamava kwaye iqhutywa bubuchwepheshe obuphezulu kunye nezicwangciso ze-R&D eziphuculwe kakhulu, iSuzhou Myland Pharm iphuhlise uluhlu lweemveliso ezikhuphisanayo kwaye ibe sisongezelelo sesayensi yobomi, ukudibanisa isiko kunye nenkampani yeenkonzo zokuvelisa.

Ukongeza, iSuzhou Myland Pharm ikwangumvelisi obhalisiweyo we-FDA. Izixhobo ze-R&D zenkampani, izixhobo zemveliso, kunye nezixhobo zohlalutyo zezanamhlanje kwaye zinemisebenzi emininzi, kwaye zinokuvelisa iikhemikhali ukusuka kwimilligrams ukuya kwiitoni kwisikali, kwaye zithobela imigangatho ye-ISO 9001 kunye neenkcukacha zemveliso ye-GMP.