Phantse isiqingatha sabantu abadala ababulawa ngumhlaza singathintelwa ngokutshintsha indlela yokuphila kunye nokuphila ubomi obusempilweni, ngokutsho kophando olutsha oluvela kwi-American Cancer Society. Olu phononongo lubalaseleyo lubonisa impembelelo ebalulekileyo yezinto ezinobungozi eziguquguqukayo ekuphuhlisweni nasekuqhubekeni komhlaza. Iziphumo zophando zibonisa ukuba malunga nama-40% abantu abadala baseMelika abaneminyaka engama-30 nangaphezulu basengozini yomhlaza, nto leyo eyenza kube yimfuneko ukuqonda indima yeendlela zokuphila ekuthinteleni umhlaza kunye nokukhuthaza impilo iyonke.
UGqr. Arif Kamal, igosa eliyintloko lezigulana kwi-American Cancer Society, ugxininise ukubaluleka kotshintsho olusebenzayo kubomi bemihla ngemihla ukunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza. Olu phononongo luchonge izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ezinokubangela umngcipheko, apho ukutshaya kuvela njengesizathu esiphambili samatyala nokufa komhlaza. Enyanisweni, ukutshaya kuphela kunoxanduva lwemeko enye kwezihlanu zomhlaza kunye nenye kwezithathu zokufa komhlaza. Oku kugxininisa isidingo esingxamisekileyo seenkqubo zokuyeka ukutshaya kunye nenkxaso kubantu abafuna ukuyeka lo mkhwa unobungozi.
Ukongeza ekutshayeni, ezinye izinto ezibangela umngcipheko omkhulu ziquka ukutyeba kakhulu, ukusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo, ukungazilolongi umzimba, ukukhetha ukutya okungafanelekanga, kunye nosulelo olufana ne-HPV. Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukudibana kwezinto zendlela yokuphila kunye nempembelelo yazo kumngcipheko womhlaza. Ngokujongana nezi zinto zinokubangela umngcipheko onokuguqulwa, abantu banokuthatha amanyathelo okukhawulezisa ukunciphisa ukuchaphazeleka kumhlaza kunye nokuphucula impilo iyonke.
Olu phononongo, oluhlalutya ngokupheleleyo izinto ezili-18 ezinobungozi eziguquguqukayo kwiintlobo ezingama-30 ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza, lubonisa impembelelo emangalisayo yokhetho lwendlela yokuphila kwinani lomhlaza kunye nokufa. Ngo-2019 kuphela, ezi zinto zazibangela iimeko zomhlaza ezintsha ezingaphezu kwama-700,000 kunye nokufa okungaphezulu kwama-262,000. Ezi datha zibonisa isidingo esingxamisekileyo semfundo ebanzi kunye nemizamo yokungenelela ukuze kuxhotyiswe abantu ukuba benze izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nempilo yabo kunye nokuphila kakuhle.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba umhlaza uvela ngenxa yomonakalo we-DNA okanye utshintsho kwimithombo yezakhamzimba emzimbeni. Nangona izinto zemfuza kunye neemeko ezingqongileyo nazo zidlala indima, olu phononongo lubonisa ukuba izinto ezinobungozi eziguquguqukayo zibangela inani elikhulu lamatyala kunye nokufa komhlaza. Umzekelo, ukuchatshazelwa lilanga kunokubangela umonakalo we-DNA kwaye kwandise umngcipheko womhlaza wolusu, ngelixa iihomoni eziveliswa ziiseli zamafutha zinokubonelela ngezondlo kwiintlobo ezithile zomhlaza.
Umhlaza ukhula kuba i-DNA yonakele okanye inomthombo wesondlo, utshilo uKamal. Ezinye izinto, ezifana nemfuza okanye izinto ezingqongileyo, nazo zinokuba negalelo kwezi meko zebhayoloji, kodwa umngcipheko onokuguqulwa uchaza inani elikhulu lamatyala omhlaza kunye nokufa kunezinye izinto ezaziwayo. Umzekelo, ukuvezwa lilanga kunokonakalisa i-DNA kwaye kubangele umhlaza wesikhumba, kwaye iiseli zamafutha zivelisa iihomoni ezinokubonelela ngezondlo kwezinye iimhlaza.
“Emva kokuba nomhlaza, abantu badla ngokuziva ngathi abanalo ulawulo kubo,” utshilo uKamal. “Abantu baya kucinga ukuba lithamsanqa okanye lizakhi zofuzo ezimbi, kodwa abantu bafuna ukulawulwa kunye nokukhetha.”
Uphando olutsha lubonisa ukuba eminye imihlaza kulula ukuyithintela kuneminye. Kodwa kwimihlaza eli-19 kwengama-30 ehlolwe, ngaphezu kwesiqingatha samatyala amatsha abangelwe zizinto ezinobungozi ezinokutshintshwa.
Ubuncinane ama-80% amatyala amatsha omhlaza ali-10 anokubangelwa zizinto ezinokutshintshwa, kuquka ngaphezulu kwama-90% amatyala e-melanoma adibene nemitha ye-ultraviolet kunye phantse onke amatyala omhlaza wesibeleko adibene nosulelo lwe-HPV, olunokuthi luthintele ngokusebenzisa imijovo.
Umhlaza wemiphunga sisifo esinenani elikhulu lamatyala abangelwa zizinto ezinobungozi ezinokutshintshwa, kunye namatyala angaphezu kwe-104,000 kumadoda kunye namatyala angaphezu kwe-97,000 kubasetyhini, kwaye uninzi lwawo lunxulumene nokutshaya.
Emva kokutshaya, ukutyeba kakhulu sesona sizathu sesibini esiphambili somhlaza, simalunga ne-5% yamatyala amatsha kumadoda kwaye simalunga ne-11% yamatyala amatsha kubasetyhini. Uphando olutsha lufumanise ukuba ukutyeba kakhulu kunxulunyaniswa nokufa okungaphezulu kwesithathu ngenxa yomhlaza we-endometrial, gallbladder, esophageal, liver kunye nezintso.
Olunye uphando lwakutshanje lufumanise ukuba abantu abasebenzisa amayeza adumileyo okunciphisa umzimba kunye nesifo seswekile afana ne-Ozempic kunye ne-Wegovy banomngcipheko ophantsi kakhulu wokufumana umhlaza othile.
“Ngandlela thile, ukutyeba kakhulu kuyingozi ebantwini njengokutshaya,” utshilo uGqr. Marcus Plescia, igosa eliyintloko lezonyango kwi-Association of State and Local Health Officers, owayengabandakanyekanga kolu phando lutsha kodwa ngaphambili wayesebenza ngeenkqubo zokuthintela umhlaza.
Ukungenelela kuluhlu lwezinto “eziphambili ezibangela umngcipheko wokuziphatha” – ezifana nokuyeka ukutshaya, ukutya okunempilo kunye nokuzilolonga – “kunokutshintsha kakhulu ukuvela kwezifo ezingapheliyo kunye neziphumo,” utshilo uPlessia. Umhlaza sesinye sezifo ezingapheliyo, ezifana nesifo sentliziyo okanye isifo seswekile.
Abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo kunye namagosa ezempilo kufuneka basebenzele "ukudala imeko-bume elungele abantu kwaye yenze impilo ibe lukhetho olulula," utshilo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abahlala kwiindawo ezazingasasebenzi kakuhle ngaphambili, apho kusenokungabi lula ukuzilolonga kwaye ukugcina ukutya okunempilo kusenokungafikeleleki lula.
Njengoko amazinga omhlaza oqalayo enyuka eMelika, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nemikhuba enempilo kwangethuba, iingcali zithi. Wakuba uqalile ukutshaya okanye wehlise ubunzima obufumanayo, ukuyeka ukutshaya kuba nzima ngakumbi.
Kodwa “akukaze kube kudala kakhulu ukwenza olu tshintsho,” utshilo uPlescia. “Ukutshintsha (iindlela zokuziphatha zempilo) kamva ebomini kunokuba nemiphumo emibi kakhulu.”
Iingcali zithi utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila olunciphisa ukuchatshazelwa zizinto ezithile lunokunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza ngokukhawuleza.
“Umhlaza sisifo esilwa nomzimba yonke imihla ngexesha lenkqubo yokwahlukana kweeseli,” utshilo uKamal. “Ngumngcipheko ojongene nawo yonke imihla, oko kuthetha ukuba ukunciphisa loo mhlaza kunokukunceda yonke imihla.”
Iziphumo zolu phononongo zibanzi kakhulu kuba zibonisa amandla okuthintela ngokutshintsha indlela yokuphila. Ngokubeka phambili ubomi obusempilweni, ukulawula ubunzima bomzimba, kunye nempilo iyonke, abantu banokunciphisa umngcipheko wabo womhlaza ngokukhawuleza. Oku kuquka ukutya ukutya okunesondlo nokunempilo, ukwenza umthambo rhoqo, ukugcina ubunzima obusempilweni kunye nokuphepha imikhwa eyingozi efana nokutshaya nokusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-15-2024
