Phantse isiqingatha sabantu abadala ababulawa ngumhlaza sinokuthintelwa ngotshintsho lwendlela yokuphila kunye nokuphila okunempilo, ngokutsho kophononongo olutsha oluvela kwi-American Cancer Society. Olu phononongo lubonisa impembelelo ebalulekileyo yezinto ezinobungozi obunokuguqulwa kuphuhliso lomhlaza kunye nokuqhubela phambili. Iziphumo zophando zibonisa ukuba malunga ne-40% yabantu abadala base-US abaneminyaka engama-30 ubudala nangaphezulu basemngciphekweni womhlaza, okwenza ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda indima yendlela yokuphila ekuthinteleni umhlaza kunye nokukhuthaza impilo yonke.
UGqr Arif Kamal, igosa eliyintloko lesigulane kwi-American Cancer Society, wagxininisa ukubaluleka kweenguqu ezibonakalayo kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla ukunciphisa ingozi yomhlaza. Uphononongo luchonge izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ezinokuthi zitshintshe umngcipheko, kunye nokutshaya okuvelayo njengoyena nobangela uphambili wezehlo zomhlaza kunye nokufa. Ngapha koko, ukutshaya kukodwa kunoxanduva malunga nomhlaza omnye kwabahlanu kwaye phantse omnye kwabathathu ababulawa ngumhlaza. Oku kubalaselisa imfuneko engxamisekileyo yamanyathelo okuphelisa ukutshaya nenkxaso yabantu abanqwenela ukuwuyeka lo mkhwa uyingozi.
Ukongeza ekutshayeni, ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zibandakanya ukutyeba kakhulu, ukusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo, ukungabikho kokwenza umthambo, ukukhetha ukutya okungalunganga, kunye nosulelo olufana neHPV. Ezi ziphumo ziqaqambisa ukudityaniswa kwezinto zendlela yokuphila kunye nefuthe labo kumngcipheko womhlaza. Ngokujongana nale mingcipheko iguquguqukayo, abantu banokuthatha amanyathelo asebenzayo ukunciphisa ukubakho komhlaza kunye nokuphucula impilo iphela.
Uphononongo, uhlalutyo olubanzi lwemiba ye-18 eguquguqukayo yomngcipheko kwiintlobo ezingama-30 ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza, ityhila ifuthe elimangalisayo lokukhetha indlela yokuphila kwizehlo zomhlaza kunye nokufa. Ngo-2019 kuphela, ezi zinto ziye zabangela ngaphezulu kwe-700,000 yeemeko ezintsha zomhlaza kunye nokufa ngaphezulu kwe-262,000. Ezi datha zibonisa imfuno engxamisekileyo yemfundo ebanzi kunye neenzame zokungenelela ukuxhobisa abantu ukuba benze izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nempilo yabo kunye nokuphila kakuhle.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba umhlaza uvela ngenxa yomonakalo we-DNA okanye utshintsho kwimithombo yezondlo emzimbeni. Ngelixa imiba yemfuza neyendalo idlala indima, uphononongo luqaqambisa ukuba imiba yomngcipheko eguquguqukayo ibangela uninzi lwezehlo zomhlaza kunye nokufa. Ngokomzekelo, ukukhanya kwelanga kunokubangela umonakalo kwi-DNA kwaye kwandise umngcipheko womhlaza wolusu, ngelixa i-hormone eveliswa ngeeseli ezinamafutha anokubonelela ngezondlo kwiintlobo ezithile zomhlaza.
Umhlaza ukhula ngenxa yokuba iDNA yonakele okanye inomthombo wesondlo, utshilo uKamal. Ezinye izinto, ezinje ngemfuza okanye iimeko zokusingqongileyo, zinokuba negalelo kwezi meko zebhayoloji, kodwa umngcipheko oguquguqukayo uchaza ubungakanani obukhulu bemeko zomhlaza kunye nokufa kunezinye izinto ezaziwayo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba sesichengeni selanga kunokonakalisa iDNA kuze kubangele umhlaza wolusu, yaye iiseli ezinamafutha zivelisa iincindi zamadlala ezinokunika izondlo zeminye imihlaza.
“Emva kokuba nomhlaza, abantu bahlala beziva ngathi abanakuzilawula,” utshilo uKamal. "Abantu baya kucinga ukuba lishwa okanye imfuza embi, kodwa abantu bafuna imvakalelo yolawulo kunye ne-arhente."
Uphando olutsha lubonisa ukuba eminye imihlaza kulula ukuyinqanda kunabanye. Kodwa kwi-19 ye-30 yomhlaza evavanyiweyo, ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha samatyala amatsha abangelwa yimiba enobungozi eguquguqukayo.
Ubuncinci i-80% yezehlo ezitsha zomhlaza we-10 zingabalelwa kwizinto ezinobungozi obuguquguqukayo, kubandakanywa ngaphezulu kwe-90% yeemeko ze-melanoma ezinxulumene nemitha ye-ultraviolet kwaye phantse zonke iimeko zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ezinxulumene nosulelo lwe-HPV, olunoThintelo ngezitofu zokugonya.
Umhlaza wemiphunga sisifo esinelona nani likhulu leemeko ezibangelwa yimingcipheko eguquguqukayo, kunye neemeko ezingaphezu kwe-104,000 kumadoda kunye namatyala angaphezu kwama-97,000 kwabasetyhini, kwaye uninzi lunxulumene nokutshaya.
Emva kokutshaya, ukutyeba kakhulu ngunobangela wesibini ophambili womhlaza, kubalelwa malunga ne-5% yezehlo ezitsha emadodeni kwaye phantse i-11% yezehlo ezintsha kwabasetyhini. Uphando olutsha lufumanisa ukuba ukutyeba kakhulu kudityaniswa ngaphezu kwesithathu sokusweleka kwi-endometrial, gallbladder, esophageal, isibindi kunye nomhlaza wezintso.
Olunye uphononongo lwakutsha nje lufumene ukuba abantu abathathe amayeza athandwayo okuncipha kwesisindo kunye neswekile efana ne-Ozempic kunye ne-Wegovy banomngcipheko ophantsi kakhulu womhlaza othile.
"Ngandlela-thile, ukukhuluphala kuyingozi ebantwini njengokutshaya," kusho uDkt. Marcus Plescia, igosa eliyintloko lezonyango kwi-Association of State and Local Health Officials, owayengabandakanyekanga kwisifundo esitsha kodwa sele esebenze ngaphambili ngokuthintela umhlaza. iinkqubo.
Ukungenelela kwimiba "yemingcipheko ephambili yokuziphatha" - njengokuyeka ukutshaya, ukutya okunempilo kunye nokuzivocavoca - "kunokutshintsha ngokuphawulekayo iziganeko zezifo ezingapheliyo kunye neziphumo," kusho uPlessia. Umhlaza sesinye sezifo ezingapheliyo, ezifana nesifo sentliziyo okanye isifo seswekile.
Abaqulunqi bemigaqo-nkqubo kunye namagosa ezempilo kufuneka basebenze "ukudala indawo elungele abantu kwaye yenza impilo ibe lukhetho olulula," utshilo. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kubantu abahlala kwiindawo ezazifudula zisingelwe phantsi, apho kusenokungakhuseleki ukwenza umthambo kunye nokugcina ukutya okunempilo kungafikeleleki lula.
Njengoko amazinga omhlaza oqala kwangoko enyuka e-US, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphuhlisa imikhwa esempilweni kwangoko, iingcali zithi. Nje ukuba uqalise ukutshaya okanye unciphise ubunzima obufumanayo, ukuyeka ukutshaya kuba nzima.
Kodwa “akukho xesha lide lokuba senze olu tshintsho,” utshilo uPlescia. "Ukutshintsha (ukuziphatha kwezempilo) kamva ebomini kunokuba nemiphumo emibi."
Iingcali zithi utshintsho lwendlela yokuphila olunciphisa ukuchanabeka kwizinto ezithile lunokunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza ngokukhawuleza.
"Umhlaza sisifo esilwa nomzimba yonke imihla ngexesha lenkqubo yokwahlukana kweeseli," utshilo uKamal. “Ngumngcipheko ojongana nawo yonke imihla, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ukuwunciphisa kunokukunceda yonke imihla.”
Iimpembelelo zolu phononongo zide kakhulu kuba ziqaqambisa amandla okuthintela isenzo ngokuguqula indlela yokuphila. Ngokubeka phambili impilo esempilweni, ulawulo lobunzima, kunye nempilo iyonke, abantu banokuwunciphisa ngokubonakalayo umngcipheko womhlaza. Oku kuquka ukutya ukutya okunesondlo nokunesondlo, ukwenza umthambo rhoqo, ukugcina ubunzima obusempilweni nokuphepha imikhwa eyingozi efana nokutshaya nokusela utywala ngokugqithiseleyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-15-2024
