Uphononongo olutsha, olungekapapashwa, lucacisa impembelelo enokubakho yokutya okucutshungulwe kakhulu kubomi bethu obude. Olu phononongo, olulandele abantu abangaphezu kwesiqingatha sesigidi kangangeminyaka ephantse ibe ngama-30, lutyhile ezinye zezinto ezixhalabisayo. U-Erica Loftfield, umbhali ophambili wolu phando kunye nomphandi kwiNational Cancer Institute, uthe ukutya ukutya okuninzi okucutshungulwe kakhulu kunokunciphisa ubomi bomntu ngaphezu kwe-10%. Emva kokulungelelanisa izinto ezahlukeneyo, umngcipheko unyuke waya kwi-15% kumadoda kunye ne-14% kubasetyhini.
Olu phononongo lukwajonga iintlobo ezithile zokutya ezicutshungulwe kakhulu ezisetyenziswa kakhulu. Okumangalisayo kukuba, kufunyenwe ukuba iziselo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni ukutyiwa kokutya okucutshungulwe kakhulu. Enyanisweni, ama-90% aphezulu abathengi bokutya okucutshungulwe kakhulu bathi iziselo ezicutshungulwe kakhulu (kuquka ukutya kunye neziselo ezithambileyo ezineswekile) ziphezulu kuluhlu lwabo lokutya. Oku kugxininisa indima ephambili edlalwa ziziselo ekutyeni kunye negalelo lazo ekutyiweni kokutya okucutshungulwe kakhulu.
Ukongeza, olu phononongo lufumanise ukuba iinkozo ezicociweyo, ezifana nezonka ezicutshungulwe kakhulu kunye nezinto ezibhakiweyo, zezona zimbini zidumileyo zokutya ezicutshungulwe kakhulu. Olu phando lubonisa ukuxhaphaka kokutya okucutshungulwe kakhulu kwiindlela esizityayo kunye nefuthe elinokubakho kwimpilo yethu kunye nobomi bethu obude.
Iziphumo zolu phononongo zibalulekile kwaye zifuna ukuphononongwa ngokusondeleyo kwendlela esitya ngayo. Ukutya okucutshungulwe kakhulu, okubonakala ngamanqanaba aphezulu ezongezo, izithintelo zokugcina ukutya, kunye nezinye izithako ezenziweyo, kudala kuxhalabisa kwicandelo lezondlo kunye nempilo yoluntu. Ezi ziphumo zongeza kubungqina bokuba ukutya ukutya okunjalo kunokuba nemiphumo emibi kwimpilo yethu kunye nobomi bethu.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba igama elithi “ukutya okucutshungulwe kakhulu” ligubungela uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso, kuquka kungekuphela nje iziselo ezithambileyo ezineswekile nezinekhalori eziphantsi, kodwa kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zeziselo ezifakwe kwiipakethe, ukutya okulula kunye nokutya okulungele ukutyiwa. Ezi mveliso zihlala ziqulathe amanqanaba aphezulu eswekile eyongeziweyo, amafutha angenampilo kunye nesodium ngelixa zingenazo izondlo ezibalulekileyo kunye nefayibha. Ukulula kwazo kunye nokumnandi kwazo kuzenze zaba lukhetho oludumileyo kubantu abaninzi, kodwa iziphumo zexesha elide zokuzisebenzisa ngoku ziyavela.
UCarlos Monteiro, uprofesa osele ekhulile wezondlo kunye nempilo yoluntu kwiYunivesithi yaseSão Paulo eBrazil, uthe kwi-imeyile: “Olu lolunye uphando olukhulu, oluhlala ixesha elide oluqinisekisa unxulumano phakathi kokutya okucutshungulwa kakhulu yi-UPF kunye nonxulumano oluphakathi kokufa, ingakumbi isifo sentliziyo kunye nesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini.”
UMonteiro waqamba igama elithi “ukutya okucutshungulwe kakhulu” waza wadala inkqubo yokwahlulwahlulwa kokutya ye-NOVA, egxile kungekuphela nje kumxholo wesondlo kodwa nakwindlela ukutya okwenziwa ngayo. UMonteiro akazange abandakanyeke kolu phando, kodwa amalungu aliqela enkqubo yokwahlulwahlulwa kwe-NOVA ngababhali-mbhali.
Izongezo ziquka izithinteli zokulwa nokungunda kunye neebhaktheriya, izixubisisi zokuthintela ukwahlulwa kwezithako ezingahambelaniyo, imibala kunye needayi zokwenziwa, iiarhente zokuthintela ukugqwala, iiarhente zokwandisa, iiarhente zokumhlopheza, iiarhente zokugaya kunye neearhente zokupholisha, kunye nezo zongezwayo ukwenza ukutya kube mnandi okanye kutshintshwe iswekile, ityuwa, kunye namafutha.
Iingozi zempilo ezivela kwinyama ecutshungulweyo kunye neziselo ezibandayo
Olu phononongo lokuqala, olunikezwe ngeCawa kwintlanganiso yonyaka ye-American Academy of Nutrition eChicago, luhlalutye phantse amaMerika angama-541,000 aneminyaka engama-50 ukuya kwengama-71 ubudala athathe inxaxheba kwiNational Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study ngo-1995.
Abaphandi badibanise idatha yokutya nokufa kwiminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-30 ezayo. Uphando lubonisa ukuba abantu abatya ukutya okucutshungulwe kakhulu banamathuba amaninzi okufa ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo okanye isifo seswekile kunabo bakwi-10 ekhulwini labantu abatye ukutya okucutshungulwe kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo nezinye izifundo, abaphandi abafumananga ukwanda kokufa okunxulumene nomhlaza.
Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukutya okucutshungulwa kakhulu okutyiwa ngabantwana namhlanje kunokuba nemiphumo ehlala ixesha elide.
Iingcali zifumana iimpawu zomngcipheko we-cardiometabolic kubantwana abaneminyaka emi-3 ubudala. Nazi ukutya abazinxulumanisa nayo
ULoftfield uthe ezinye ukutya ezicutshungulwe kakhulu ziyingozi kakhulu kunezinye: “Iinyama ezicutshungulwe kakhulu kunye neziselo ezibandayo ziphakathi kokutya okucutshungulwe kakhulu okunxulunyaniswa kakhulu nomngcipheko wokufa.”
Iziselo ezineekhalori eziphantsi zithathwa njengokutya okucutshungulwe kakhulu kuba ziqulethe izithambisi zokwenziwa ezifana ne-aspartame, i-acesulfame potassium, kunye ne-stevia, kunye nezinye izongezo ezingafumanekiyo kukutya okupheleleyo. Iziselo ezineekhalori eziphantsi zinxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko wokufa kwangethuba ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo kunye nokwanda kwesifo sengqondo, isifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini, ukutyeba kakhulu, isifo sohlangothi kunye nesifo se-metabolic syndrome, esinokukhokelela kwisifo sentliziyo kunye nesifo seswekile.
Izikhokelo zokutya zabantu baseMelika sele zicebisa ukunciphisa ukuthathwa kweziselo ezineswekile, ezinxulunyaniswa nokufa ngaphambi kwexesha kunye nokukhula kwezifo ezingapheliyo. Uphononongo lukaMatshi 2019 lufumanise ukuba abafazi abasela iziselo ezingaphezu kwesibini ezineswekile (ezichazwa njengekomityi eqhelekileyo, ibhotile okanye itini) ngemini babenomngcipheko okhulayo wama-63% wokufa ngaphambi kwexesha xa kuthelekiswa nabasetyhini abasela ngaphantsi kwesinye ngenyanga. %. Amadoda ayenze into efanayo ayenomngcipheko okhulayo wama-29%.
Xuba izidlo ezinetyuwa. Itafile ethe tyaba ibekwe ngasemva komthi wasemaphandleni.
Uphononongo lufumene ukutya okucutshungulwe kakhulu okunxulunyaniswa nesifo sentliziyo, isifo seswekile, iingxaki zengqondo kunye nokufa kwangethuba
Inyama ezicutshungulweyo ezifana nebhekoni, ii-hot dog, iisoseji, iham, inyama yenkomo ecoliweyo, i-jerky, kunye nenyama ye-deli azikhuthazwa; uphando lubonise ukuba inyama ebomvu kunye nenyama ezicutshungulweyo zinxulunyaniswa nomhlaza wamathumbu, umhlaza wesisu, isifo sentliziyo, isifo seswekile, kunye nesifo sangaphambi kwexesha esibangelwa kukufa.
URosie Green, uprofesa wendalo, ukutya kunye nempilo kwiSikolo saseLondon sezeMpilo kunye neTropical Medicine, uthe kwingxelo yakhe: “Olu phononongo lutsha lubonelela ngobungqina bokuba inyama ecutshungulweyo isenokuba yenye yezona zinto zingalunganga zokutya, kodwa iham ayithathwa njengenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokutya okanye iinkukhu ezicutshungulwayo yi-UPF (ukutya okucutshungulweyo kakhulu).” Wayengabandakanyekanga kolu phando.
Olu phononongo lufumanise ukuba abantu abatya ukutya okucutshungulwe kakhulu babesebancinci, benobunzima obukhulu, kwaye babenomgangatho ophantsi wokutya kunabo batya ukutya okucutshungulwe kancinci. Nangona kunjalo, olu phononongo lufumanise ukuba la mahluko awakwazi ukuchaza iingozi zempilo ezikhulayo, njengoko nabantu abanobunzima obuqhelekileyo nabatya ukutya okungcono babenokufa ngaphambi kwexesha ngenxa yokutya ukutya okucutshungulwe kakhulu.
Iingcali zithi ukutya ukutya okucutshungulwe kakhulu kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuphindwe kabini ukusukela oko kwenziwa olu phando. Anastasiia Krivenok/Moment RF/Getty Images
“Uphando olusebenzisa iinkqubo zokwahlulahlula ukutya ezifana ne-NOVA, olugxila kwinqanaba lokucubungula ukutya endaweni yokondla ukutya, kufuneka luqwalaselwe ngononophelo,” utshilo uCarla Saunders, usihlalo weKomiti yoLawulo lweeCalorie yombutho weshishini, kwi-imeyile.
“Ukucebisa ukuba kupheliswe izixhobo zokutya ezifana neziselo ezineswekile ezingenazo iikhalori eziphantsi, eziye zabonakala ziluncedo ekunyangeni izifo ezinje ngokutyeba kakhulu nesifo seswekile, kuyingozi kwaye akukhathali,” utshilo uSaunders.
Iziphumo zinokuwuthatha lula umngcipheko
Umda ophambili kolu phononongo kukuba idatha yokutya yaqokelelwa kube kanye kuphela, kwiminyaka engama-30 eyadlulayo, uGreen uthe: “Kunzima ukutsho ukuba imikhwa yokutya itshintshe njani phakathi kwexesha elo nokungoku.”
Nangona kunjalo, ishishini lokuvelisa ukutya okucutshungulwe kakhulu liye landa kakhulu ukususela phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1990, kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba phantse ama-60% eekhalori eziqhelekileyo zokutya kwansuku zonke kwaseMelika zivela ekutyeni okucutshungulwe kakhulu. Oku akumangalisi kuba malunga nama-70% okutya kuyo nayiphi na ivenkile yokutya kusenokuba kucutshungulwe kakhulu.
“Ukuba kukho ingxaki, kukuba sisenokungawunanzi umgangatho wokutya kwethu ukutya okucutshungulwe kakhulu kuba sigcina imithetho emininzi,” utshilo uLovefield. “Ukutya okucutshungulwe kakhulu kusenokwenzeka ukuba kunyuke ngokuhamba kweminyaka.”
Enyanisweni, uphando olwapapashwa ngoMeyi lufumene iziphumo ezifanayo, lubonisa ukuba abasebenzi bezempilo abangaphezu kwe-100,000 abatya ukutya okucutshungulwe kakhulu bajongene nomngcipheko ophezulu wokufa ngaphambi kwexesha kunye nokufa ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo. Olu phononongo, olwaluhlola ukutya okucutshungulwe kakhulu rhoqo emva kweminyaka emine, lufumanise ukuba ukutya kuphindwe kabini ukusuka phakathi kweminyaka yoo-1980 ukuya kowama-2018.
Intombazana ikhupha iitships zetapile eziqhotsiweyo eziqhotsiweyo kwisitya seglasi okanye kwipleyiti ize izibeke kwimvelaphi emhlophe okanye etafileni. Iitships zetapile zazisezandleni zomfazi waza wazitya. Ukutya okungenampilo kunye nengcamango yendlela yokuphila, ukuqokelelwa kobunzima obugqithisileyo.
amanqaku anxulumeneyo
Usenokuba ukhe watya ukutya okusele kugayiwe. Izizathu zezi zilandelayo
“Umzekelo, ukutya ukutya okunetyuwa okupakishwe yonke imihla kunye needizethi ezenziwe ngobisi ezifana ne-ayisikhrim kuye kwaphinda kabini ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1990,” utshilo umbhali ophambili wophando lukaMeyi, iClinical Epidemiology kwiHarvard TH Chan School of Public Health. utshilo uGqr. Song Mingyang, uprofesa oncedisayo wesayensi kunye nesondlo.
“Kuphando lwethu, njengakolu phononongo lutsha, ubudlelwane obuhle buqhutywe ikakhulu ngamaqela amancinci aliqela, kuquka inyama ezicutshungulweyo kunye neziselo ezineswekile okanye ezenziwe ngeswekile,” utshilo uSong. “Nangona kunjalo, zonke iindidi zokutya ezicutshungulweyo kakhulu zinxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko owandileyo.”
ULoftfield uthi ukukhetha ukutya okucutshungulwa kancinci yindlela enye yokunciphisa ukutya okucutshungulwa kakhulu ekutyeni kwakho.
“Sifanele sigxile ekutyeni ukutya okutyebileyo kukutya okupheleleyo,” utshilo. “Ukuba ukutya kucutshungulwe kakhulu, jonga i-sodium kunye nomxholo weswekile owongeziweyo uze uzame ukusebenzisa ilebheli yeNutrition Facts ukuze wenze isigqibo esifanelekileyo.”
Ngoko ke, yintoni esinokuyenza ukunciphisa impembelelo enokubakho yokutya okucutshungulwe kakhulu kubomi bethu? Inyathelo lokuqala kukuqaphela ngakumbi ukhetho lwethu lokutya. Ngokunika ingqalelo engakumbi kwizithako kunye nomxholo wesondlo wokutya neziselo esizityayo, sinokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi oluthe kratya malunga noko sikufaka emizimbeni yethu. Oku kunokubandakanya ukukhetha ukutya okupheleleyo, okungacutshungulwanga nanini na kunokwenzeka kunye nokunciphisa ukutya iimveliso ezicutshungulwe kakhulu nezipakishwe kwiipakethe.
Ukongeza, ukuphakamisa ulwazi malunga neengozi ezinxulumene nokutya kakhulu ukutya okucutshungulwe kakhulu kubalulekile. Imfundo kunye namaphulo empilo yoluntu anokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekufundiseni abantu malunga nemiphumo enokubakho kwimpilo yokukhetha ukutya nokubanceda benze izigqibo ezisempilweni. Ngokukhuthaza ukuqonda okunzulu malunga nonxibelelwano phakathi kokutya kunye nobomi obude, sinokukhuthaza utshintsho oluhle kwimikhwa yokutya kunye nempilo iyonke.
Ukongeza, abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba kushishino lokutya banendima abanokuyidlala ekujongeni ukuxhaphaka kokutya okucutshungulwe kakhulu kwindawo yokutya. Ukuphumeza imigaqo kunye namanyathelo akhuthaza ukufumaneka kunye nokufikeleleka kweendlela ezisempilweni nezicutshungulwe kancinci kunokunceda ekudaleni indawo exhasa ngakumbi abantu abazama ukwenza ukhetho olusempilweni.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-17-2024
