Uphononongo olutsha, oluseza kupapashwa lukhanyisa ifuthe elinokubakho lokutya okwenziwa ngokugqithisileyo kubomi bethu obude. Uphononongo, olulandelele abantu abangaphezu kwesiqingatha sesigidi phantse iminyaka engama-30, luveze iziphumo ezixhalabisayo. U-Erica Loftfield, umbhali okhokelayo wesifundo kunye nomphandi kwi-National Cancer Institute, uthe ukutya ukutya okuninzi okucutshungulwayo kunokunciphisa ubomi bomntu ngaphezu kweepesenti ze-10. Emva kokulungelelanisa izinto ezahlukeneyo, umngcipheko unyuke waya kwi-15% kumadoda kunye ne-14% yabasetyhini.
Uphononongo lukwajongisisa kwiindidi ezithile zokutya okucutshungulwayo okuqheleke ukusetyenziswa. Okumangalisayo kukuba, iziphuzo zifunyenwe zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni ukusetyenziswa kokutya okucutshungulwayo. Ngapha koko, i-90% ephezulu yabathengi bokutya okusetyenzwa kakhulu bathi iziselo ezisetyenzisiweyo (kubandakanya ukutya kunye neziselo ezithambileyo ezinoshukela) ziphezulu kuluhlu lwabo lokusetyenziswa. Oku kugxininisa indima ephambili edlalwa ziziselo ekutyeni kunye negalelo lazo ekusetyenzisweni kokutya okusetyenzwa kakhulu.
Ukongeza, uphononongo lufumanise ukuba iinkozo ezisulungekisiweyo, ezinje ngezonka ezicutshungulweyo kunye neempahla ezibhakiweyo, yayiyeyesibini icandelo lokutya okusetyenzwa kakhulu. Esi siphumo sigxininisa ukuxhaphaka kokutya okucutshungulwayo kwi-ultra-processed kwizidlo zethu kunye nefuthe elinokubakho kwimpilo yethu kunye nokuphila ixesha elide.
Iimpembelelo zolu phononongo zibalulekile kwaye zifuna ukuphononongwa ngokusondeleyo kwindlela esitya ngayo. Ukutya kwe-Ultra-processed, okubonakaliswe ngamanqanaba aphezulu ezongezo, izigcini, kunye nezinye izithako ezifakelweyo, sele zide zixhalabisa kwiinkalo zesondlo kunye nempilo yoluntu. Ezi ziphumo zongeza kubungqina bokuba ukutya okunjalo kunokuba nemiphumo emibi kwimpilo yethu kunye nobomi bethu.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba igama elithi "ukutya okucutshungulwayo" libandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso, kubandakanywa kungekuphela nje iziselo ezineswekile kunye nekhalori ephantsi, kodwa kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokutya okupakishweyo, ukutya okulula kunye nokutya okulungele ukutyiwa. Ezi mveliso zihlala ziqulethe amanqanaba aphezulu eswekile eyongezelelweyo, amafutha angenampilo kunye nesodium ngelixa zingenazo izondlo ezibalulekileyo kunye nefayibha. Ukulungeleka kwabo kunye nokunencasa kwabo kubenze bathandwa ngabantu abaninzi, kodwa iziphumo zexesha elide zokuzitya ziyavela ngoku.
UCarlos Monteiro, unjingalwazi ophumayo wezondlo kunye nempilo yoluntu kwiYunivesithi yaseSão Paulo eBrazil, wathi kwi-imeyile: "Olu lolunye uphando olukhulu, oluhlala ixesha elide oluqinisekisa umanyano phakathi kwe-UPF (ukutya okucutshungulwayo) kunye nokutya. Umanyano phakathi kokusweleka, ngakumbi isifo sentliziyo kunye nohlobo lwesi-2 seswekile. ”
U-Monteiro waqulunqa igama elithi "ukutya okucutshungulwayo" kwaye wadala inkqubo ye-NOVA yokuhlelwa kokutya, engagxininisi kuphela kwisiqulatho sesondlo kodwa nakwindlela ukutya okwenziwa ngayo. U-Monteiro akazange athathe inxaxheba kwisifundo, kodwa amalungu amaninzi enkqubo yokuhlelwa kwe-NOVA ngababhali abasebenzisanayo.
Izongezo zibandakanya izigcini zokulwa nokungunda kunye neebhaktheriya, i-emulsifiers ukuthintela ukuhlukana kwezithako ezingahambelaniyo, imibala eyenziweyo kunye nedayi, i-antifoaming agents, i-bulking agents, i-bleaching agents, i-gelling agents kunye ne-polish agents, kunye nezo zongezwa ukwenza ukutya okukhangayo okanye ukuguqulwa kweswekile, ityuwa. , kunye namafutha.
Imingcipheko yempilo evela kwinyama egayiweyo kunye neziselo ezibandayo
Uphononongo lwangaphambili, olwenziwa ngeCawa kwintlanganiso yonyaka ye-American Academy of Nutrition yaseChicago, yahlalutya phantse i-541,000 yaseMelika eneminyaka eyi-50 ukuya kwi-71 eyathatha inxaxheba kwiiNational Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study kwi-1995. idatha yokutya.
Abaphandi banxulumanisa idatha yokutya kunye nokufa kwi-20 elandelayo ukuya kwiminyaka engama-30 ezayo. Uphando lubonisa ukuba abantu abatya ukutya okucutshungulwayo kakhulu kunokwenzeka ukuba bafe ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo okanye isifo seswekile kunabo bangaphantsi kwe-10 yeepesenti yabathengi bokutya okwenziwa kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo nezinye izifundo, abaphandi abafumananga ukwanda kokusweleka okunxulumene nomhlaza.
Uphando lucebisa ukuba ukutya okwenziwa ngabantwana namhlanje kunokuba neziphumo ezingapheliyo.
Iingcali zifumana iimpawu zengozi ye-cardiometabolic kubantwana abaneminyaka emi-3 ubudala. Nazi ukutya ezihambelana nayo
Okunye ukutya okucutshungulwayo kusemngciphekweni ngakumbi kunabanye, uLoftfield uthe: “Inyama esekwe kakhulu kunye neziselo ezithambileyo ziphakathi kokutya okwenziwa ngokugqithisileyo okunxulunyaniswa kakhulu nomngcipheko wokufa.”
Iziselo ezineekhalori ezisezantsi zithathwa njengokutya okucutshungulwayo kakhulu ngenxa yokuba ziqulethe izimuncumuncu ezenziweyo njenge aspartame, i-acesulfame potassium, kunye ne-stevia, kunye nezinye izongezo ezingafumanekiyo kukutya okupheleleyo. Iziselo ezineekhalori eziphantsi zinxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko wokufa kwangoko ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo kunye nokwanda kweziganeko zesifo sengqondo esiyingozi, uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile, ukutyeba kakhulu, isifo sohlangothi kunye nesifo se-metabolic syndrome, esinokukhokelela kwisifo senhliziyo kunye nesifo sikashukela.
Izikhokelo zokutya kubantu baseMelika sele zincoma ukunciphisa ukungenisa iziselo ezinoshukela ezinoshukela, eziye zadibaniswa nokufa kwangaphambi kwexesha kunye nophuhliso lwezifo ezingapheliyo. Uphononongo luka-Matshi ka-2019 lwafumanisa ukuba abantu basetyhini abasela ngaphezulu kweziselo ezineswekile (ezichazwa njengekomityi eqhelekileyo, ibhotile okanye itoti) ngosuku banomngcipheko wama-63% wokufa ngaphambi kwexesha xa kuthelekiswa nabasetyhini abasela ngaphantsi kanye ngenyanga. %. Amadoda ayenze into efanayo ayenomngcipheko we-29%.
Hlanganisa kwi-snacks enetyuwa. Indawo yetafile eneflethi kwimvelaphi eyenziwe ngamaplanga.
Uphononongo lufumanisa ukutya okucutshungulweyo okudityaniswa nesifo sentliziyo, isifo seswekile, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye nokufa kwangoko.
Inyama egayiweyo efana nebhekoni, izinja ezishushu, iisoseji, iham, inyama yenkomo, ijerky, kunye nedeli meats ayikhuthazwa; uphando lubonise ukuba inyama ebomvu kunye nenyama esetyenzisiweyo idibaniswa nomhlaza wamathumbu, umhlaza wesisu, isifo senhliziyo, isifo seswekile, kunye nesifo sangaphambi kwexesha kuyo nayiphi na into. ezinxulumene nokufa.
URosie Green, unjingalwazi wezendalo, ukutya kunye nempilo kwiLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, uthe kwingxelo: “Olu phononongo lutsha lunika ubungqina bokuba inyama egayiweyo isenokuba yenye yezona zinto zityiwayo zingenampilo, kodwa iham ayijongwanga zi-UPF (ukutya okusetyenzwa kakhulu).” Wayengabandakanyeki kweso sifundo.
Uphononongo lufumanise ukuba abantu abatya ukutya okucutshungulwayo kakhulu babebancinci, benzima, kwaye babenomgangatho wokutya ophantsi kunabo batya ukutya okucutshungulwayo okuncinci. Nangona kunjalo, uphononongo lufumene ukuba lo mahluko awukwazanga ukucacisa ingozi yezempilo eyongeziweyo, njengoko nabantu abanobunzima obuqhelekileyo kunye nokutya ukutya okungcono banokuthi bafe ngaphambi kwexesha ekutyeni ukutya okucutshungulwayo.
Iingcali zithi ukusetyenziswa kokutya okucutshungulwe kakhulu kunokuphinda kabini okoko kusenziwa uphando. Anastasiia Krivenok/Moment RF/Getty Images
"Izifundo ezisebenzisa iinkqubo zokuhlela ukutya ezifana ne-NOVA, ezigxininise kwizinga lokucubungula kunokuba nomxholo wesondlo, kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngononophelo," uCarla Saunders, usihlalo weKomiti yoLawulo lweeCalorie yombutho woshishino, uthe kwi-imeyile.
"Ukucebisa ukupheliswa kwezixhobo zokutya ezifana ne-no- kunye ne-low-calorie sweetened drinks, eziye zangqina iinzuzo ekuphatheni izifo ezifana nokukhuluphala kunye nesifo sikashukela, ziyingozi kwaye azinaxanduva," kusho uSaunders.
Iziphumo zingawujongela phantsi umngcipheko
Oyena ndoqo wolu hlolisiso kukuba inkcazelo ephathelele ukutya yaqokelelwa kanye kuphela, kwiminyaka engama-30 eyadlulayo, uGreen wathi: “Kunzima ukuchaza indlela eye yatshintsha ngayo imikhwa yokutya ukususela ngelo xesha nangoku.”
Nangona kunjalo, ishishini lokuvelisa ukutya okusetyenzwa kakhulu liye laqhuma ukusukela phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1990, kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba phantse i-60% ye-caloric ye-caloric ethathwa kwimihla ngemihla yaseMelika ivela kukutya okucutshungulwayo. Oku akumangalisi kuba ukuya kuthi ga kwi-70% yokutya kuyo nayiphi na ivenkile yegrosari kusenokulungiswa kakhulu.
“Ukuba kukho ingxaki, kukuba singakujongela phantsi ukusebenzisa kwethu ukutya okwenziwa ngokugqithisileyo ngenxa yokuba silondoloza kakhulu,” utshilo uLovefield. "Ukutya okusetyenzwa kakhulu kunokunyuka kuphela kwiminyaka."
Enyanisweni, uphando olupapashwe ngoMeyi lufumene iziphumo ezifanayo, ezibonisa ukuba ngaphezu kwe-100,000 yabasebenzi bezempilo abasebenzisa ukutya okucutshungulwayo kakhulu bajongene nomngcipheko omkhulu wokufa kwangaphambi kwexesha kunye nokufa kwisifo senhliziyo. Uphononongo, oluvavanye ukutya okusetyenzwa kakhulu rhoqo emva kweminyaka emine, lwafumanisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kuphindwe kabini ukusuka phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1980 ukuya ku-2018.
Intombazana ithatha iitshiphusi zetapile eziqhotsiweyo eziqhotsiweyo kwisitya seglasi okanye ipleyiti kwaye izibeke kumqolo omhlophe okanye itafile. Iichips zetapile zazisezandleni zalomfazi watya. Ukutya okungenampilo kunye nengcamango yokuphila, ukuqokelela ubunzima obunzima.
amanqaku anxulumeneyo
Usenokuba ukutyile ukutya osele kugaywe.Izizathu zezi zilandelayo
"Umzekelo, ukuthathwa kwemihla ngemihla kwi-snacks enetyuwa epakishweyo kunye nezimuncumuncu ezisekelwe kubisi ezifana ne-ayisikrimu iphantse yaphindeka kabini ukususela ngo-1990," watsho umbhali okhokelayo wesifundo sikaMeyi, i-Clinical Epidemiology kwi-Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health. utshilo uGqr Song Mingyang, unjingalwazi onxulumene nesayensi kunye nesondlo.
"Kwisifundo sethu, njengolu phando lutsha, ubudlelwane obuhle buqhutywe ngokuyinhloko ngamacandelwana amaninzi, kubandakanywa inyama ecutshungulwayo kunye neswekile okanye iziphuzo ezinoshukela," watsho uNgoma. "Nangona kunjalo, zonke iindidi zokutya ezicutshungulwayo zinxulumene nomngcipheko owongeziweyo."
U-Loftfield uthi ukukhetha ukutya okucutshungulweyo okuncinci kuyenye yeendlela zokunciphisa ukutya okucutshungulwayo kwisidlo sakho.
“Kufuneka sigxile ekutyeni ukutya okutyebileyo kukutya okupheleleyo,” utshilo. "Ukuba ukutya ku-ultra-processed, jonga i-sodium kunye neshukela eyongeziweyo kwaye uzame ukusebenzisa iileyibhile zeNutrition Facts ukwenza esona sigqibo."
Ke, singenza ntoni ukunciphisa ifuthe elinokubakho lokutya okwenziwa kakhulu kubomi bethu? Inyathelo lokuqala kukuba silumke ngakumbi kukhetho lwethu lokutya. Ngokuqwalasela ngakumbi izithako kunye nomxholo wesondlo sokutya kunye neziselo esizisebenzisayo, sinokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga noko sikubeka emizimbeni yethu. Oku kunokubandakanya ukukhetha ukutya okupheleleyo, okungalungiswanga nanini na kunokwenzeka kunye nokunciphisa ukuthathwa kweemveliso ezicutshungulweyo nezipakishwe kakhulu.
Ukongeza, ukwazisa malunga nemingcipheko ehambelana nokutyiwa kokutya okwenziwa ngokugqithisileyo kubaluleke kakhulu. Imikhankaso yemfundo kunye nezempilo yoluntu inokudlala indima ephambili ekufundiseni abantu malunga neempembelelo zempilo ezinokuthi zibekho kukhetho lokutya kunye nokubanceda benze izigqibo eziphilileyo. Ngokukhuthaza ukuqonda okunzulu kwikhonkco phakathi kokutya kunye nokuphila ixesha elide, sinokukhuthaza utshintsho oluhle kwindlela yokutya kunye nempilo yonke.
Ukongeza, abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nabachaphazelekayo kushishino lokutya banendima abayidlalayo ekujonganeni nokuxhaphaka kokutya okwenziwa ngokugqithisileyo kwindawo yokutya. Ukuphumeza imimiselo kunye namanyathelo akhuthaza ukufumaneka kunye nokufikeleleka kwempilo, iinketho ezicutshungulwayo ezincinci zinokunceda ukudala indawo exhasayo ngakumbi kubantu abazama ukwenza ukhetho olunempilo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-17-2024
