Ngokukhula koluntu, abantu banikela ingqalelo ngakumbi kwimiba yezempilo. Namhlanje ndingathanda ukukwazisa ulwazi malunga nesifo sika-Alzheimer, esisifo sengqondo esiqhubekayo esibangela ukulahleka kwenkumbulo kunye nezinye izakhono zengqondo.
Inyani
Isifo sika-Alzheimer, esona sifo sixhaphakileyo se-dementia, ligama eliqhelekileyo elithetha inkumbulo kunye nokulahlekelwa bubulumko.
Isifo sika-Alzheimer siyabulala kwaye asinanyango. Sisifo esingapheliyo esiqala ngokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo size ekugqibeleni sikhokelela ekulimaleni okukhulu kwengqondo.
Esi sifo siqanjwe ngoGqr. Alois Alzheimer. Ngo-1906, ingcali yezifo zengqondo yenza utyando lobuchopho bomfazi owasweleka emva kokuba enengxaki yokuthetha, ukuziphatha okungaqinisekanga kunye nokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo. UGqr. Alzheimer wafumanisa ii-amyloid plaques kunye ne-neurofibrillary tangles, ezithathwa njengeempawu zesifo.
Izinto ezinefuthe:
Ubudala – Emva kweminyaka engama-65, amathuba okuba nesifo se-Alzheimer aphindaphindeka kabini rhoqo emva kweminyaka emihlanu. Kubantu abaninzi, iimpawu ziqala ukubonakala emva kweminyaka engama-60.
Imbali yoSapho – Izinto ezibangela ufuzo zidlala indima emngciphekweni womntu.
Ukonzakala Entloko – Kusenokubakho unxibelelwano phakathi kwesi sifo kunye nokonzakala okuphindaphindiweyo okanye ukulahlekelwa zingqondo.
Impilo yentliziyo – Izifo zentliziyo ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, i-cholesterol ephezulu kunye nesifo seswekile zinokunyusa umngcipheko we-vascular dementia.
Ziziphi iimpawu ezi-5 ezilumkisayo zesifo sika-Alzheimer?
Iimpawu ezinokwenzeka: ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ukuphindaphinda imibuzo neengxelo, ukungaqondi kakuhle, ukubeka izinto endaweni yazo, utshintsho lweemvakalelo kunye nobuntu, ukudideka, ukukhohlisa kunye nokuxhalaba, ukungabi namdla, ukuxhuzula, ubunzima bokuginya
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo nesifo sika-Alzheimer?
Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo (Dementia) kunye nesifo sika-Alzheimer zombini zizifo ezinxulumene nokuwohloka kwengqondo, kodwa kukho umahluko phakathi kwazo.
I-Dementia sisifo esibandakanya ukwehla kokusebenza kwengqondo okubangelwa zizizathu ezininzi, kubandakanya iimpawu ezinje ngokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ukuncipha kwamandla okucinga, kunye nokuphazamiseka kokugweba. Isifo sika-Alzheimer sesona sifo sixhaphakileyo se-dementia kwaye sibangela uninzi lweemeko ze-dementia.
Isifo sika-Alzheimer sisifo esiqhubekayo sokuwohloka kwemithambo-luvo esidla ngokuhlasela abantu abadala kwaye sibonakaliswa kukufakwa kweprotheyini engaqhelekanga engqondweni, okukhokelela kumonakalo we-neuron nokufa. I-Dementia ligama elibanzi eliquka ukuwohloka kwengqondo okubangelwa zizizathu ezahlukeneyo, kungekuphela nje sisifo sika-Alzheimer.
Uqikelelo lukazwelonke
IZiko loLawulo lweZifo liqikelela ukuba malunga nezigidi ezi-6.5 zaseMelika zinesifo sika-Alzheimer. Esi sifo sesona sizathu sesihlanu sokufa kwabantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 eMelika.
Ixabiso lokunyamekela abantu abanesifo sika-Alzheimer okanye ezinye izifo zengqondo eMelika liqikelelwa ukuba liza kuba yi-$345 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2023.
isifo se-Alzheimer's sokuqala kwangethuba
Isifo se-Alzheimer esiqala kwangethuba sisifo esingaqhelekanga se-dementia esichaphazela kakhulu abantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala.
Isifo se-Alzheimer esiqala kwangethuba sidla ngokufumaneka kwiintsapho.
Uphando
Ngomhla wesi-9 kweyoKwindla, ngo-2014—Kuphononongo lokuqala lohlobo lwalo, abaphandi baxela ukuba benze uvavanyo lwegazi olunokuqikelela ngokuchanekileyo ngokumangalisayo ukuba abantu abaphilileyo baya kuba nesifo se-Alzheimer.
Ngomhla wama-23 kweyeNkanga, ngo-2016 – Umenzi weziyobisi waseMelika u-Eli Lilly ubhengeze ukuba uza kuyiphelisa iSigaba sesi-3 sovavanyo lwezonyango lweyeza lakhe le-Alzheimer i-solanezumab. “Izinga lokuhla kwengqondo alizange lincitshiswe kakhulu kwizigulana ezinyangwe nge-solanezumab xa kuthelekiswa nezigulana ezinyangwe nge-placebo,” utshilo inkampani kwingxelo.
NgoFebruwari 2017 – Inkampani yamayeza iMerck iyeka uvavanyo lwamva nje lweyeza layo le-Alzheimer's i-verubecestat emva kokuba uphando oluzimeleyo lufumanise ukuba eli yeza “alisebenzi kangako.”
Ngomhla wama-28 kuFebruwari, ngo-2019 – Ijenali iNature Genetics ipapashe uphando olutyhila iintlobo ezine ezintsha zemfuza ezonyusa umngcipheko wesifo sika-Alzheimer. Ezi mfuza zibonakala zisebenza kunye ukulawula imisebenzi yomzimba echaphazela uphuhliso lwesifo.
Ngomhla wesi-4 ku-Epreli, ngo-2022 – Uphononongo olupapashe eli nqaku lufumanise ezinye ii-genes ezingama-42 ezinxulumene nokukhula kwesifo sika-Alzheimer.
Ngomhla wesi-7 ku-Epreli, ngo-2022 — IiZiko zeMedicare kunye neeNkonzo zeMedicaid zibhengeze ukuba ziza kunciphisa ukufunyaniswa kwesiyobisi se-Alzheimer esixabanisayo nesibizayo i-Aduhelm kubantu abathatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi olufanelekileyo.
Ngomhla wesi-4 kuCanzibe, ngo-2022 – I-FDA ibhengeze ukuvunywa kovavanyo olutsha lokuxilonga isifo sika-Alzheimer. Luvavanyo lokuqala lokuxilonga olwenziwe kwi-vitro olunokuthatha indawo yezixhobo ezifana ne-PET scans ezisetyenziswa ngoku ukuxilonga isifo sika-Alzheimer.
Ngomhla wama-30 kweyeSilimela, ngo-2022 – Izazinzulu zifumene ijini ebonakala ngathi yonyusa umngcipheko wabasetyhini wokufumana isifo se-Alzheimer, nto leyo enika izikhokelo ezintsha zokuba kutheni abafazi benamathuba amaninzi okufunyanwa benaso esi sifo kunamadoda. Ijini, i-O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT), idlala indima ebalulekileyo kumandla omzimba okulungisa umonakalo we-DNA kumadoda nakubafazi. Kodwa abaphandi abazange bafumane nxibelelwano phakathi kwe-MGMT nesifo se-Alzheimer kumadoda.
Ngomhla wama-22 kuJanuwari 2024—Uphononongo olutsha kwijenali iJAMA Neurology lubonisa ukuba isifo sika-Alzheimer sinokuhlolwa “ngendlela echanekileyo” ngokufumanisa iproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-phosphorylated tau, okanye i-p-tau, egazini lomntu. Isifo esingathethiyo, sinokwenziwa nangaphambi kokuba iimpawu ziqale ukubonakala.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-09-2024
