Ngophuhliso loluntu, abantu banikela ingqalelo ngakumbi nangakumbi kwimicimbi yezempilo. Namhlanje ndingathanda ukunazisa ngolwazi oluthile malunga nesifo i-Alzheimer's, isifo sobuchopho esiqhubekayo esibangela ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo kunye nezinye izakhono zobukrelekrele.
Inyaniso
Isifo sika-Alzheimer, olona hlobo luxhaphakileyo lwe-dementia, ligama eliqhelekileyo lokukhumbula kunye nokulahleka kwengqondo.
Isifo sika-Alzheimer siyabulala kwaye asinyangeki. Sisifo esingapheliyo esiqala ngokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo kwaye ekugqibeleni sikhokelela kumonakalo omkhulu wobuchopho.
Esi sifo sithiywe ngoGqr. Alois Alzheimer. Ngomnyaka we-1906, i-neuropathologist yenza i-autopsy kwingqondo yowesifazane owafa emva kokuphuhlisa ukukhubazeka kwentetho, ukuziphatha okungalindelekanga kunye nokulahlekelwa kwememori. Ugqirha u-Alzheimer wafumanisa iiplagi ze-amyloid kunye ne-neurofibrillary tangles, ezibhekwa njengeempawu zesifo.
Imiba enempembelelo:
Ubudala – Emva kweminyaka engama-65, amathuba okuba nesifo i-Alzheimer aphindaphindeka kabini emva kweminyaka emihlanu. Kubantu abaninzi, iimpawu ziqala ukuvela emva kweminyaka engama-60.
Imbali yoSapho – Imiba yemfuzo idlala indima emngciphekweni womntu.
I-Head Trauma - Kunokubakho ikhonkco phakathi kwesi siphazamiso kunye nokuxhatshazwa okuphindaphindiweyo okanye ukulahlekelwa yingqondo.
Impilo yenhliziyo - Isifo senhliziyo esinjengoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, i-cholesterol ephezulu kunye nesifo sikashukela sinokunyusa umngcipheko we-vascular dementia.
Zeziphi iimpawu ezi-5 ezilumkisayo zesifo sika-Alzheimer?
Iimpawu ezinokwenzeka: ukulahleka kwememori, ukuphindaphinda kwemibuzo kunye neengxelo, ukugwetywa okungalunganga, izinto ezingafanelekanga, ukuguquka kwemizwelo kunye nobuntu, ukudideka, ukukhohlisa kunye ne-paranoia, i-impulsive, i-seizures, ubunzima bokugwinya.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwesifo sengqondo esiyingozi kunye nesifo sika-Alzheimer?
I-dementia kunye nesifo sika-Alzheimer zombini zizifo ezinxulumene nokuncipha kwengqondo, kodwa kukho umahluko phakathi kwazo.
I-dementia yi-syndrome ebandakanya ukwehla kokusebenza kwengqondo okubangelwa zizizathu ezininzi, kubandakanya iimpawu ezinjengokulahleka kwememori, ukuncitshiswa kokucinga, kunye nokuphazamiseka kokuthatha izigqibo. Isifo i-Alzheimer's lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo lwe-dementia kwaye libala uninzi lweemeko ze-dementia.
Isifo sika-Alzheimer sisifo se-neurodeergenerative esiqhubela phambili esiqhele ukuhlasela abantu abadala kwaye siphawulwa ngokufakwa kweprotheyini engaqhelekanga engqondweni, ekhokelela kumonakalo wemithambo-luvo kunye nokufa. Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo ligama elibanzi eliquka ukuhla kwengqondo okubangelwa zizizathu ezininzi, hayi nje isifo sika-Alzheimer.
Uqikelelo lwesizwe
Amaziko oLawulo lweSifo kunye noThintelo aqikelela ukuba malunga ne-6.5 yezigidi zabantu baseMelika abanesifo i-Alzheimer's. Esi sifo sisesihlanu unobangela wokufa kwabantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 eUnited States.
Iindleko zokukhathalela abantu abanesifo i-Alzheimer okanye ezinye iidementia e-United States ziqikelelwa ukuba ziya kuba yi-345 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2023.
Ukuqala kwesifo se-Alzheimer's
Isifo i-Alzheimer's luhlobo olunqabileyo lwe-dementia oluchaphazela kakhulu abantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-65.
Isifo i-Alzheimer's esiqala kwangethuba sihlala siqhutywa kwiintsapho.
Uphando
NgoMatshi 9, 2014-Kuphando lokuqala, abaphandi baxela ukuba baye baphuhlisa uvavanyo lwegazi olunokuthi luqikelele ngokuchaneka okumangalisayo ukuba abantu abaphilileyo baya kuba nesifo se-Alzheimer.
NgoNovemba 23, 2016 - umenzi weziyobisi wase-US u-Eli Lilly ubhengeze ukuba uya kuphelisa ulingo lwezonyango lwe-Alzheimer's solanezumab. "Izinga lokuhla kwengqondo alizange linciphise kakhulu kwizigulane eziphathwa nge-solanezumab xa kuthelekiswa nezigulane eziphathwe nge-placebo," yatsho inkampani kwingxelo.
NgoFebruwari 2017 – Inkampani yoxubo-mayeza iMerck iye yanqumama kulingo lwasemva kwexesha le-Alzheimer's verubecestat emva kophononongo oluzimeleyo lufumanise ichiza “lisebenza kancinci.”
NgoFebruwari 28, 2019-Ijenali yeNdalo yeGenetics yapapasha uphononongo oluveza iindidi ezine zemfuzo ezonyusa umngcipheko wesifo sika-Alzheimer. Le mizila yemfuza ibonakala isebenza kunye ukulawula imisebenzi yomzimba echaphazela ukukhula kwesi sifo.
Ngomhla we-4 ku-Epreli 2022 - Uphononongo olupapashe eli nqaku lufumene ezinye iijini ezingama-42 ezinxulunyaniswa nophuhliso lwesifo i-Alzheimer's.
Ngomhla we-7 ku-Epreli, ngo-2022 - Amaziko e-Medicare kunye neeNkonzo ze-Medicaid abhengeze ukuba iya kunciphisa ukhuseleko lweziyobisi ze-Alzheimer's Aduhelm eziphikisanayo nezibizayo kubantu abathatha inxaxheba kulingo lwezonyango olufanelekileyo.
Ngomhla we-4 kuCanzibe, ngo-2022 - I-FDA ibhengeze ukuvunywa kovavanyo olutsha lwesifo se-Alzheimer's. Luvavanyo lokuqala lokuxilonga lwe-in vitro olunokuthi endaweni yezixhobo ezifana ne-PET scans ezisetyenziswa ngoku ukuxilonga isifo se-Alzheimer.
NgoJuni 30, 2022 – Izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ijini ebonakala inyusa umngcipheko wabasetyhini wokuba nesifo i-Alzheimer, inika imikhondo emitsha yokuba kutheni abasetyhini kunokwenzeka ukuba bafunyanwe benesi sifo kunamadoda. I-gene, i-O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT), idlala indima ebalulekileyo kumandla omzimba ukulungisa umonakalo we-DNA kumadoda nabasetyhini. Kodwa abaphandi abafumananga ikhonkco phakathi kwe-MGMT kunye nesifo se-Alzheimer kumadoda.
NgoJanuwari 22, 2024—Uphando olutsha kwiphephancwadi i<em>JAMA Neurology lubonisa ukuba isifo sika-Alzheimer sinokuhlolwa “ngokuchaneka okuphezulu” ngokufumanisa iproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi<em>phosphorylated tau, okanye i<em>p-tau, egazini lomntu. Isifo esithe cwaka, sinokwenziwa nangaphambi kokuba iimpawu ziqale ukubonakala.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-09-2024
