Ukwaluphala yinkqubo yendalo engenakuphepheka yezinto eziphilayo, ebonakaliswa kukuwohloka kancinci kwesakhiwo somzimba kunye nokusebenza ngokuhamba kwexesha. Le nkqubo iyinkimbinkimbi kwaye ichaphazeleka kakhulu ziimpembelelo ezincinci ezivela kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zangaphandle ezifana nokusingqongileyo. Ukuze baqonde ngokuchanekileyo isantya sokwaluphala, izazinzulu ziye zayishiya indlela yendabuko yokulinganisa iminyaka okanye iintsuku kwaye endaweni yoko zagxila kumlinganiselo wexesha obuthathaka ngakumbi, zizama ukufumana ukuqonda okuncinci kwenkqubo yokwaluphala.
Kolu phando, izazinzulu ziye zaphuhlisa uthotho lwee-biomarkers zokwaluphala ngobuchule, apho iipateni ze-DNA methylation zitsala amehlo kakhulu. Njengendlela ephambili yokulawula i-epigenetic, iipateni ze-DNA methylation zinokudwelisa ngokuchanekileyo iprofayili yomntu yokwaluphala, kungekuphela nje ukutyhila utshintsho oluguquguqukayo lolwazi lwezakhi zofuzo kwinkqubo yokwaluphala, kodwa nokuba yimfuneko kuphando lwesayensi yokwaluphala. Ngokuhlalutya ngokunzulu kwezi biomarkers, izazinzulu zinokufumana umbono weendlela zemolekyuli ezisemva kokwaluphala, zivula iindlela ezintsha zokulibazisa ukwaluphala kunye nokukhuthaza ukwaluphala okunempilo.
Kwisibhakabhaka esikhulu seenkwenkwezi zesayensi yokulwa nokwaluphala, i-NMN (i-nicotinamide mononucleotide) yayikhe yabonakala ngathi yi-meteor ekhazimlayo. Ubume bayo njengomanduleli we-NAD+ (i-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) baphefumlela izazinzulu ezingenakubalwa ukuba zinomdla wophando. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuhamba kwexesha, enye inkwenkwezi ekhanyayo, i-AKG (alpha-ketoglutarate), yavela kancinci kancinci yaza yafumana udumo olubanzi kwicandelo lokulwa nokwaluphala ngobuhle bayo obukhethekileyo kunye nesiseko sesayensi.
Kwisifundo esapapashwa kwiphephancwadi iNature Metabolism, izazinzulu zichaze indlela esebenza ngayo i-AKG kwimetabolism yamandla, umsebenzi we-mitochondrial kunye nokulwa nokwaluphala. Olu phononongo lubonise ukuba i-AKG inokukhuthaza ngokuthe ngqo umjikelo we-tricarboxylic acid kwaye yonyuse imveliso yamandla kwiiseli, ngaloo ndlela iphucula amandla eeseli. Ukongeza, iphephancwadi i-"Cell Metabolism" likwapapashe iziphumo zophando malunga nokukwazi kwe-AKG ukukhuthaza ukwenziwa kwe-collagen kunye nokuphucula ukuqina kolusu, nto leyo eqinisekisa ngakumbi amandla ayo kwicandelo lokulwa nokwaluphala.
Ukuguqula imikhondo yexesha
Uphononongo lwezonyango oluvela eJapan lusinika umzekelo ocacileyo. Umfazi oneminyaka ephakathi obesoloko enika ingqalelo ekulweni nokwaluphala ixesha elide, emva kokuthatha izongezo ze-AKG kangangesiqingatha sonyaka, ayikuko nje kuphela imeko yolusu lwakhe eyaphucuka kakhulu, yaba lukhuni kwaye ithamba ngakumbi, kodwa ukomelela komzimba wakhe ngokubanzi kunye nesimo sakhe sengqondo nazo zaphucuka kakhulu. Ngokuthelekisa izalathisi zomzimba ngaphambi nasemva kovavanyo, abaphandi bafumanise ukuba umsebenzi womfazi we-mitochondrial wawuphuculwe kakhulu, nto leyo enxulumene kakhulu nendima ye-AKG ekukhuthazeni imetabolism yamandla.
Umlondolozi wempilo yemithambo-luvo
Olunye uphando oluvela eMelika lugxile kwindima yokukhusela imithambo-luvo ye-AKG. Emva kokufumana unyango lwe-AKG, indoda esele ikhulile enengxaki yokuqonda kancinci ibonakalise ukuphucuka okukhulu kubuchule bayo bokuqonda, kubandakanya inkumbulo ephuculweyo kunye nokugxila. Abaphandi baqaphele ngetekhnoloji yokufota ubuchopho ukuba umsebenzi we-neuron mitochondrial wesigulana ubuyiselwe, nto leyo enika inkxaso enamandla kwi-AKG ekuthinteleni nasekunyangeni izifo ze-neurodegenerative.
Iingenelo ezikhethekileyo ze-AKG
1. Isiphumo sokulwa nokwaluphala esinobukhulu obahlukeneyo
Ngokungafaniyo ne-NMN, elwa kakhulu nokwaluphala ngokunyusa amanqanaba e-NAD+, i-AKG idlala indima ebanzi ngakumbi ekulweni nokwaluphala. Ayinakukhuthaza kuphela imetabolism yamandla kwaye iphucule umsebenzi we-mitochondrial, kodwa ikwaphucula imeko yokwaluphala komzimba kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ngokuchaphazela imetabolism ye-amino acid kunye nokukhuthaza ukwenziwa kwe-collagen.
2. Ukuhambelana okuphezulu kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nokhuseleko
Njenge-metabolite yendalo yomzimba womntu, i-AKG inokuhambelana kakuhle kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nokhuseleko. Ingafunxwa ngqo kwaye isetyenziswe ngumzimba womntu ngaphandle kokudlula kwinkqubo yokuguqula enzima, nto leyo enciphisa umngcipheko weempembelelo ezinokubakho. Oku kwenza ukusetyenziswa kwe-AKG kwicandelo lokulwa nokwaluphala kukhuseleke kwaye kuthembeke ngakumbi.
3. Uluhlu olubanzi lweenzuzo zempilo
Ukongeza ekulweni nokwaluphala, i-AKG ikwabonisa uluhlu olubanzi lweenzuzo zempilo ekukhuthazeni impilo yemithambo-luvo nasekuphuculeni amajoni omzimba. Ezi zibonelelo zempilo ezongezelelweyo zenza i-AKG ibe nomtsalane ngakumbi kwizicelo zokulwa nokwaluphala.
Ngokuqhubeka kophando lwesayensi kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, amathuba okusetyenziswa kwe-AKG kwicandelo lokulwa nokwaluphala aya kuba maninzi. Sijonge phambili kuphando olukumgangatho ophezulu kwixesha elizayo ukuze sityhile iimfihlakalo ezingaphezulu ze-AKG, kwaye sijonge phambili kubuchule bayo bokudityaniswa nezinye iindlela zokulwa nokwaluphala ezifana ne-NMN ukuze sincedise ngobulumko namandla angakumbi kwimpilo yabantu kunye nobomi obude. Kulo mdyarho wokulwa nexesha, i-AKG ngokungathandabuzekiyo ibonakalise ukukhuphisana okunamandla kunye namathuba angenamkhawulo.
Imisebenzi ephambili yile:
Ilwa nokwaluphala: Ingayilibazisa kakhulu inkqubo yokwaluphala kweeseli ngokulawula indlela yokubonisana ye-mTOR, ikhuthaze i-autophagy, iphucule ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-metabolism yeproteni, kwaye ilawule i-epigenetics. Ukongeza, inokukhuthaza ukwenziwa kwe-collagen, ixhase ukususwa kweeseli, incede ekubuyiseleni amanqanaba aqhelekileyo e-calcium egazini, ikhawulezise ukuphiliswa kwamanxeba, ikhuthaze ukulungiswa kwezicubu zemisipha, njl.
Ukuphucula izifo ezingapheliyo: Uvavanyo lweklinikhi lubonise ukuba inefuthe elikhulu ekuphuculeni izifo ezahlukeneyo ezingapheliyo, kuquka kodwa kungaphelelanga apho i-osteoporosis, izifo ze-neurodegenerative (ezifana nesifo sikaParkinson), izifo zentliziyo, isifo seswekile, kunye nomhlaza. Isombulula ngokusisiseko izizathu zezifo ezingapheliyo ngokusebenzisa iiproteni ezihlala ixesha elide emzimbeni kunye nokulungisa i-DNA eyonakeleyo.
Ukuphucula amasosha omzimba: Kunokuphucula umsebenzi kunye nobuninzi beeseli zomzimba, kuphucule amasosha omzimba ngokubanzi, ngaloo ndlela kuncede umzimba ukuba ukwazi ukumelana nezifo kunye nosulelo ngcono.
Khuthaza impilo: Le mveliso ikwanazo neenzuzo ezinje ngokukhuthaza imetabolism yeswekile kunye namafutha egazini emzimbeni kunye nokuxhasa ukusebenza kwengqondo okunempilo, ukunceda ukugcina impilo iyonke yomzimba womntu.
Iziphumo zokulwa nokwaluphala zixhaswa luphando lwesayensi. Umzekelo, ngo-2014, iphephancwadi eliphambili elithi "Nature" labika okokuqala ukuba ukwaluphala kunokulibaziseka ngokuthintela umsebenzi we-mTOR; uphando ngeeseli ze-osteosarcoma zabantu lukwabonakalise ukuba lunokukhuthaza i-autophagy; ukongeza, lunokuthatha inxaxheba ekwenziweni kwee-amino acids kwaye lunciphise imetabolism yeproteni. Ukungahambi kakuhle kwenzeka kwaye kubandakanyeka kwiinkqubo zokulawula i-epigenetic ezifana ne-DNA demethylation.
Uvavanyo lwezonyango luqinisekisile ngakumbi ukhuseleko nokusebenza kwayo. Umzekelo, ingxelo yovavanyo lwezonyango lwabantu lweSigaba soku-1 eyalelwe yiNewMed Hospital eCalifornia ibonisa ukuba inefuthe elikhulu lokunyanga kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo zezifo ezingapheliyo ezifana nokungalali, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ukungaphumeleli kwezintso, i-stroke sequelae, kwaye inokunyanga ukuphefumla okufutshane, ukudinwa, kunye nezinye iimpawu ezibangelwa yi-coronavirus entsha. Ikwanayo nefuthe elihle kakhulu lokulungisa iingxaki kwi-sequelae efana nokukhwehlela.
Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okumangalisayo kunye nokhuseleko lwayo, ifumene ingqalelo enkulu kunye nendumiso kwimarike. Abasebenzisi abaninzi baxele ukuphucuka okukhulu kwimeko yabo yomzimba emva kokuyisebenzisa, njengokuqina ngakumbi, ulusu oluqinileyo noluthambileyo, njl. Kwangaxeshanye, le mveliso ikwaqatshelwa kwaye ixhaswa zizikhungo ezininzi kunye neengcali ezihloniphekileyo.
Ngamafutshane, iCalcium Alpha ketoglutarate yimveliso yesayensi, ekhuselekileyo nesebenzayo yokulwa nokwaluphala. Ifezekisa iziphumo zokulwa nokwaluphala kwaye iphucula iimpawu zezifo ezingapheliyo ngeendlela ezininzi. Lukhetho olufanelekileyo kubantu abafuna impilo nobomi obude.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-08-2024
