I-Urolithin A yimichiza yendalo eyi-metabolite compounds eveliswa ngamathumbu emathunjini aguqula i-ellagitannins ukuphucula impilo kwinqanaba leselula. I-Urolithin B ifumene ingqalelo yabaphandi ngokukwazi kwayo ukuphucula impilo yamathumbu kunye nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala. I-Urolithin A kunye ne-urolithin B zineepropati ezinxulumeneyo, kodwa zinemihluko ethile eyahlukileyo. Ngowuphi umahluko ocacileyo kuwe, masifumanise!
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izazinzulu ziye zafunda izibonelelo zempilo ze-urolithin, ikhompawundi yendalo eyikhompawundi ye-metabolite eveliswa ngokuguqulwa kwe-ellagitannins yibhaktheriya yamathumbu. I-precursors yayo yi-ellagic acid kunye ne-ellagitannins, eyenzeka ngokwemvelo kwimithombo yokutya emininzi efana nerharnati, i-guava, iti, i-pecans, amandongomane, kunye namaqunube afana namaqunube, amaqunube amnyama kunye namaqunube amnyama. Ukongezelela, i-urolithin A, i-polyphenol yendalo, inomdla njenge-antioxidant enamandla kunye ne-anti-inflammatory agent enezibonelelo zempilo ezilungileyo.
Sizifundo eziphanda thImiphumo ye-UA kwimisebenzi yeselula kunye neendlela zezinto eziphilayo zibonise ukuba zineendlela ezininzi zokwenza. Uphononongo luye lwafumanisa ukuba i-UA yenza i-autophagy ye-mitochondrial, inkqubo esusa i-mitochondria eyonakalisiweyo kwiseli kwaye ikhulise imveliso yamandla. Esi senzo sibaluleke kakhulu kwizifo ezinxulumene nokuguga, njengoko i-mitochondria engasebenziyo ikhokelela ekuqokeleleni uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kunye nokuvuvukala. I-UA ikwalawula ukubonakaliswa kofuzo olubandakanyekayo kwimpendulo yoxinzelelo lwe-oxidative, ukulungiswa kwe-DNA kunye ne-apoptosis, eziyimfuneko ekugcineni ingqibelelo yeselula kunye nokuthintela umhlaza.
Enye intor inkalo umdla UA yiamandla ayo njenge-senescence scavenger, okuthetha ukuba inokukhetha ngokukhetha i-apoptosis kwiiseli ze-senescent, eziziiseli ezonakeleyo ezingasahluliyo kodwa zikhuphe izinto eziyingozi ezonakalisa iiseli kunye nezicubu ezingabamelwane. Iiseli ze-Senescent zinxulunyaniswa nezifo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezinxulumene nokwaluphala, njenge-arthritis, i-atherosclerosis kunye ne-neurodegeneration. Ngokususa ezi seli ngokukhethayo, i-UA inokulibazisa okanye ithintele ukuqala kwezi zifo kwaye iphucule impilo yonke.
I-Urolithins yiklasi yeekhompawundi ezaziwa ngokuba yi-ellagitannin metabolites, eziveliswa ikakhulu yi-gut microbiota. Phakathi kwazo, iimolekyuli ezimbini, i-urolithin A kunye ne-urolithin B, ziye zafumana ingqalelo ebalulekileyo kwiinzuzo zabo zempilo. Ezi khompawundi zifumaneka kwiziqhamo ezahlukeneyo ezifana neerharnathi, amaqunube, kunye namaqunube. Kule bhlog, siza kujonga ngakumbi kwiipropati ezinxulumene ne-urolithin A kunye ne-urolithin B.
I-Urolithin A iyona molecule ininzi kakhulu yentsapho ye-urolithin, kwaye iphandwe kakuhle malunga ne-antioxidant kunye ne-anti-inflammatory properties. Ngaphezu koko, uphando lucebise ukuba i-UA inokuphucula umsebenzi we-mitochondrial kunye nokuthintela umonakalo wemisipha. I-UA ikwaziwa ngeempawu zayo ezinokuthi zithintele umhlaza. Uphando lubonise ukuba i-UA inokuthintela ukwanda kweeseli kwaye ibangele ukufa kweeseli kwiiseli ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza, kubandakanya i-prostate, ibele kunye neeseli zomhlaza wekolon.
Kwelinye icala, i-urolithin B ifumene ingqalelo yabaphandi ngokukwazi kwayo ukuphucula impilo yamathumbu kunye nokunciphisa ukudumba. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba i-UB inokuphucula ukungafani kwe-microbial yamathumbu kunye nokunciphisa i-cytokines e-pro-inflammatory, njenge-interleukin-6 kunye ne-tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Ngaphaya koko, i-UB ikwafunyaniswe ukuba ineepropathi ezinokuthi zibe ne-neuroprotective, njengoko izifundo zibonise ukuba zinokunceda ukukhusela izifo ze-neurodeergenerative ezifana ne-Parkinson kunye ne-Alzheimer's.
Ngaphandle kweepropati ezihambelanayo, i-UA kunye ne-UB inomahluko ophawulekayo. Ngokomzekelo, i-UA ibonakaliswe ukuba inamandla njenge-anti-inflammatory kunye ne-antioxidant agent kune-UB. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-UB ifunyenwe ukuba isebenze ngakumbi ekuthinteleni iingxaki ezinxulumene nokukhuluphala, ezifana nokuxhatshazwa kwe-insulin kunye nokuhlukana kwe-adipocyte. Ukongezelela, ngokungafaniyo ne-UA, i-UB ayizange ifundwe ngokubanzi njenge-arhente echasene nomhlaza.
Indlela yokusebenza ye-UA kunye ne-UB nayo yahlukile. I-UA yenza i-Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) indlela, edlala indima kwi-mitochondrial biogenesis, ngelixa i-UB iphucula i-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) indlela, ebandakanyeka kwi-homeostasis yamandla. Ezi ndlela zinegalelo kwimiphumo enenzuzo yale mixube kwimpilo.
Ngaphandle kweenzuzo ezinomdla ze-UA kunye ne-UB, kusekho imida ekusebenziseni kwabo. Ngokomzekelo, i-bioavailability yezi khompawundi isephantsi kakhulu, kwaye i-pharmacokinetics yabo ayiqondwa kakuhle. Ngaphezu koko, isiphumo sezi khompawundi ebantwini ayikacaciswa ngokupheleleyo, njengoko uninzi lwezifundo zenziwe kwi-vitro okanye kwimodeli yezilwanyana. Nangona kunjalo, uphando olukhoyo lubonisa ukuba i-UA kunye ne-UB ingaba ngabaviwa abathembisayo ekuphuhliseni ukutya okusebenzayo okanye izongezo zokuxhasa impilo yonke kunye nokuthintela izifo.
I-Urolithin A. Le molekyuli incinci efunyenwe ngokwemvelo kwiziqhamo ezithile kunye namantongomane idume ngenxa yokukwazi kwayo ukuphucula yonke into ukusuka ekukhuleni kwezihlunu ukuya ekusebenzeni kwengqondo. I-Urolithin A yi-metabolite, oku kuthetha ukuba i-byproduct yezinye iikhompawundi emzimbeni. Ngokukodwa, iveliswa xa iibhaktheriya zamathumbu ziphula i-ellagitannins, efumaneka kukutya okuthile okufana neerharnati, i-strawberries kunye ne-walnuts. Kodwa nantsi inxalenye enomdla: ayinguye wonke umntu onayo ibhaktheriya yamathumbu efunekayo ukuvelisa i-urolithin A. Enyanisweni, uphando lubonise ukuba kuphela malunga ne-30-50% yabantu abanokuvelisa le molekyuli ngokwemvelo. Apha kulapho izongezo zisiza khona.
Ngoko, yintoniiingenelo urolithin A? Ewe, elinye lamabango amakhulu kukuba inokunceda ukuphucula impilo yemisipha. Uphononongo olupapashwe kwiphephancwadi i-Nature Medicine lufumene ukuba xa iigundane zinikwa i-urolithin A, zine-42% yokwanda kokunyamezela kunye ne-70% yokwanda kwe-muscle mass. Ngelixa ezi ziphumo zinomtsalane ngokuqinisekileyo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba olu ibiluphononongo oluncinci kwaye uphando oluninzi luyafuneka ukuqinisekisa ezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo ebantwini.
Kodwa ayisiyiyo yonke loo nto kuthiwa urolithin A. Kwakhona kuye kwaboniswa ukuphucula umsebenzi we-mitochondrial. IMitochondria zizityalo zamandla eziseli, ezinoxanduva lokuvelisa amandla anokusetyenziswa ngumzimba. Njengoko sikhula, umsebenzi wethu we-mitochondrial uqala ukuhla, nto leyo inokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezininzi zempilo. Nangona kunjalo, uphando lwakwangoko lubonisa ukuba i-urolithin A inokunceda ukucotha oku kwehla, okunokuphucula impilo yonke kunye nokwandisa ixesha lokuphila.
Ngokungathi oko akwanelanga, i-urolithin A nayo ibonakaliswe ukuba inenzuzo yokuqonda. Uphononongo olupapashwe kwiphephancwadi IiNgxelo zeSayensi zafumanisa ukuba xa iigundane zinikwa i-urolithin A, imemori yazo kunye nokukwazi ukufunda kuphuculwe. Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba oku kunokuba ngenxa yemiphumo ye-molecule ye-anti-inflammatory, enceda ukukhusela iiseli zengqondo emonakalweni.
I-Urolithin B, ikhompawundi efumaneka kumaqunube ahlukeneyo kunye neerharnati, yaziwa ngeenzuzo zayo ezinokubakho ekuphuculeni impilo yemetabolism kunye nokwandisa ixesha lokuphila. Izifundo zamva nje zibonise ukuba i-urolithin B inezixhobo ezichasayo kunye ne-antioxidant ezinokunceda ukukhusela izifo ezingapheliyo kunye nokuphucula impilo yonke.
1. Iimpawu ezichasayo
Ukudumba okungapheliyo ngoyena nobangela wezifo ezininzi, kubandakanya nesifo sentliziyo, isifo seswekile kunye nomhlaza. I-Urolithin B ineempawu ezichasayo ezinceda ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala emzimbeni, ngaloo ndlela ukunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo esingapheliyo. Olunye uphononongo lwafumanisa ukuba i-urolithin B yanciphisa kakhulu ukudumba kwiimpuku ezinezifo ezivuthayo zamathumbu, iphakamisa ukusebenza kwayo okunokwenzeka ekunyangeni abantu abanezifo ezifanayo.
2. Iimpawu ze-Antioxidant
I-Urolithin B i-antioxidant enamandla, oku kuthetha ukuba inokunceda ukukhusela umzimba kwixinzelelo lwe-oxidative, inkqubo eyonakalisa iiseli kunye nokukhuthaza inkqubo yokuguga. I-Urolithin B inceda ukukhusela umonakalo we-oxidative ngokunciphisa i-radicals yamahhala, enokubangela umonakalo weselula kwaye ibangele isifo esingapheliyo. Olunye uphononongo lwafumanisa ukuba i-urolithin B yehlisa uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kwiimpuku, ngakumbi ukuxhasa amandla ayo njengesongezelelo sokuchasa ukuguga.
3. Ukukhuthaza impilo yezihlunu
I-Urolithin B ibonakaliswe ukuba ivuselele i-autophagy ye-mitochondrial, inkqubo yeselula enceda ukuphelisa i-mitochondria eyonakalisiweyo kwiiseli. Le nkqubo inceda ekuphuculeni impilo yonke yemisipha kunye nomsebenzi, okwenza kube yinto eyongezelelweyo yokuncedisa abo bafuna ukuphucula ukusebenza komzimba. Olunye uphando lufumene ukuba i-urolithin B iphucule ukusebenza kwemisipha kunye namandla kwiigundane nakubantu.
4. Ixhasa impilo yengqondo
I-Urolithin B ibonakaliswe ukuxhasa impilo yengqondo ngokukhuthaza i-neuroplasticity, inkqubo enceda ingqondo ivumelane nolwazi olutsha kwaye inokuphucula umsebenzi wokuqonda. Olunye uphononongo lufumene ukuba i-urolithin B iphucule umsebenzi wokuqonda kunye nokuphucula imemori kwiigundane.
5. Iinzuzo ezinokubakho zexesha elide
Uphononongo lwakutsha nje lubonise ukuba i-urolithin B inamandla okukhuthaza ubomi obude ngokuphucula impilo ye-metabolic, ukunciphisa ukudumba, kunye nokukhusela kuxinzelelo lwe-oxidative. Olunye uphononongo lwafumanisa ukuba i-urolithin B yonyusa ixesha lokuphila kwi-C. elegans, uhlobo lwentshulube ye-nematode, exhasa iinzuzo zayo ezinokubakhona zokukhuthaza ubomi obude.
1. Irharnati
Irharnati yenye yemithombo engcono kakhulu ye-urolithin. Abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba ijusi yegromegranate inokunyusa amanqanaba egazi le-urolithins A kunye ne-B. Ukongezelela, iirharnati zinezinye izibonelelo zempilo, ezibandakanya i-anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
2. Amaqunube
Amajikijolo afana namaqunube, amaqunube kunye namaqunube amnyama nawo ayimithombo elungileyo ye-urolithin. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamaqunube kunokunyusa amanqanaba egazi e-urolithin A kunye ne-B.
3. Amandongomane
IiWalnuts kunye neepecans kunye namanye amandongomane zikwangumthombo olungileyo we-urolithin. Uphononongo lufumene ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamantongomane kuya kwandisa inqanaba le-urolithin A kunye ne-B egazini.
I-Urolithin A kunye ne-B zizinto zendalo ezikhoyo ekutya okuthile, zineenzuzo ezininzi zempilo. Ezi zixhobo zineepropati ezichasayo, ziphucula impilo ye-mitochondrial kunye nemisipha, kunye nokukhuthaza impilo yengqondo. Iirharnati, amajikijolo, amantongomane kunye nezongezelelo ze-ellagitannin zezinye zezona zinto zilungileyo zokutya ezinokubonelela nge-urolithins. Ukubandakanya oku kutya kukutya kwakho kunokukunceda uvule izibonelelo ze-urolithins A kunye ne-B kwaye ukhuthaze ukuguga okunempilo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-05-2023
