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Ikhonkco phakathi kweSondlo kunye neZongezo kuLawulo lwe-PCOS

I-Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) sisifo esixhaphakileyo sehomoni esichaphazela abafazi abakwiminyaka yokuzala. Ibonakala ngokungaqhelekanga kokuya esikhathini, amanqanaba aphezulu e-androgen, kunye nama-ovarian cysts. Ukongeza kwezi zimpawu, i-PCOS inokubangela ukuzuza ubunzima. Isondlo kunye nezongezelelo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni iimpawu ze-PCOS kunye nokuphucula impilo yonke. Ukutya okunesondlo okuquka ukutya okupheleleyo, iiproteni ezibhityileyo, amafutha asempilweni, kunye nee<em>carbohydrate ezintsonkothileyo kunokunceda ukulawula amanqanaba eswekile yegazi nokunciphisa ukuxhathisa kwe-insulin. Ukongezelela, izongezo ezithile zifunyenwe ziluncedo kubasetyhini abane-PCOS.

Yintoni iPolycystic Ovary Syndrome?

I-Polycystic ovary syndrome, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-PCOS, ibandakanya ukungalingani kwehomoni kunye ne-metabolic echaphazela iinkqubo ezininzi zomzimba, ngakumbi ii-ovari. Ibonakaliswa ngamanqanaba aphezulu e-androgen (testosterone) kunye neenguqu ze-ovarian ezingakhokelela ekuphazamisekeni komjikelezo wokuya esikhathini. Le meko ichaphazela abasetyhini abadala kunye nabafikisayo.

I-Polycystic ovary syndrome ibonakala ngokungalingani kwehomoni enokukhokelela kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo. Enye yezinto eziphambili ze-PCOS kubukho be-cysts kwi-ovari, ephazamisa umsebenzi oqhelekileyo wee-ovari kwaye ibangele uluhlu lweempawu. Ezi mpawu ziquka ukungayi exesheni ngokungaqhelekanga, ubudlolo, ukutyeba, amaqhakuva, kunye nokukhula kweenwele ezininzi ebusweni nasemzimbeni. Ukongeza kwezi mpawu zomzimba, abafazi abane-PCOS banokufumana iingxaki zempilo yengqondo ezifana nokuxhalaba kunye nokudakumba.

Oyena nobangela we-PCOS awuqondwa ngokupheleleyo, kodwa kukholelwa ukuba ibandakanya indibaniselwano yezinto zofuzo kunye nezokusingqongileyo. Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-insulin, okubangela amanqanaba aphezulu e-insulin emzimbeni, kucingelwa ukuba kudlala indima ekuphuhliseni i-PCOS. Oku kunokukhokelela ekuzuzeni ubunzima kwaye kwenza kube nzima kubasetyhini abane-PCOS ukunciphisa umzimba.

I-Polycystic ovary syndrome ingaba nefuthe elikhulu kwimpilo yowesifazane kunye nokuphila kakuhle. Ukongeza kwiimpawu zomzimba, imeko inokuchaphazela impilo yengqondo yowesifazane kunye nempilo yengqondo. Abasetyhini abaninzi abane-PCOS bathi baziva bengakhululekanga ngenkangeleko yabo ngenxa yeempawu ezifana ne-acne kunye nokukhula kweenwele ngokugqithiseleyo. Basenokuba nexhala kunye nokudakumba ngenxa yemiceli mngeni yokulawula iimpawu kunye nemiba yokuchuma.

Xa kuziwa ekuchumeni, i-PCOS ngunobangela oqhelekileyo wokungachumi kwabasetyhini. Ukungalingani kweHormonal kunye nokuphazamiseka komsebenzi oqhelekileyo wee-ovari kunokukwenza kube nzima ngakumbi kubasetyhini abane-PCOS ukuba bavule kwaye bakhulelwe. Kubafazi abazama ukuqala intsapho, oku kunokuba ngumthombo wokukhathazeka okukhulu kunye nentliziyo.

Kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga ne-5-20% yabasetyhini abakwiminyaka yokuzala banengxaki ye-PCOS, eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yokungalingani kwehomoni kwabasetyhini abakwiminyaka yokuzala, edla ngokwenzeka ekuqaleni kokufikisa, kodwa ngenxa yokuba iimeko ezininzi zingakhange zifunyanwe, ukuxhaphaka kokwenyani akwaziwa. Imeko iphinda idibaniswe nomngcipheko ophezulu weswekile yegazi, uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile, kunye nolunye utshintsho olunokunyusa umngcipheko wesifo senhliziyo.

Ukunikezelwa kweengozi zempilo ezinokubakho ezinxulumene ne-PCOS, utshintsho lwendlela yokuphila lubalulekile kunyango lwayo. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kunye nokutshintsha ukutya kunokuphucula imeko ye-metabolic kunye nokunciphisa amanqanaba e-androgen, anokunceda ukukhulula iimpawu kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko weemeko zempilo ezinxulumene.

Kubalulekile ukuba abasetyhini baqonde iimpawu ezinokuthi zenzeke kwi-PCOS kwaye bafune iingcebiso zonyango ukuba bafumana amaxesha angaqhelekanga, ubudlolo, ukukhula kweenwele ngokugqithiseleyo okanye ezinye iimpawu ezinxulumene nesifo. Ngokujongana ne-PCOS kwangethuba, abasetyhini banokusebenza ukulawula iimpawu zabo kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki zempilo ezinxulumeneyo.

I-Polycystic Ovary Syndrome(3)

Iimpawu kunye neempawu zePolycystic Ovary Syndrome

I-PCOS ibonakala ngokungalingani kwe-hormonal okungakhokelela kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo zomzimba, ngaphezu kwe-PCOS enempembelelo enkulu kwimpilo yengqondo kunye nemvakalelo yowesifazane.

Ukuya exesheni ngokungaqhelekanga. Abasetyhini abane-PCOS banokufumana imijikelezo encinci okanye ixesha elide lokuya esikhathini, okanye banokuyeka ukuya exesheni ngokupheleleyo. Oku kungahambi kakuhle kubangelwa ukungalingani kwehomoni ehambelana ne-PCOS, ephazamisa inkqubo ye-ovulation eqhelekileyo. Ukongeza kwixesha elingaqhelekanga, abafazi abane-PCOS banokufumana ukuphuma kwegazi okukhulu okanye ixesha elide ngexesha labo okanye banokuba nobunzima bokukhulelwa.

Ukukhula kweenwele ezigqithisileyo kubizwa ngokuba yi-hirsutism. Oku kukhula kweenwele okungafunekiyo kudla ngokuvela ebusweni, esifubeni nasemva, kwaye kunokuba ngumthombo onzima wokubandezeleka kwabasetyhini abane-PCOS. Ukongeza kwi-hirsutism, abafazi abane-PCOS banokuhlakulela i-acne kunye ne-oily skin, ehambelana nokutshintsha kwehomoni ehambelana nemeko.

Ubunzima bokufumana ubunzima kunye nokulahlekelwa ubunzima. Ukungalingani kwehomoni ehambelana ne-PCOS kunokukhokelela ekunganyangekiyo kwe-insulin, okwenza abafazi abane-PCOS bafumane ubunzima kwaye babe nobunzima bokunciphisa umzimba. Ukutyeba ngokugqithiseleyo kunokunyusa ezinye iimpawu ze-PCOS, ezifana nokuya esikhathini ngokungaqhelekanga kunye ne-hirsutism, ukudala umjikelezo onobunzima onzima ukuwuqhawula.

 Iimpembelelo kwimpilo yengqondo nengokweemvakalelo yabasetyhini. Abasetyhini abaninzi abane-PCOS babika iimvakalelo zokuxhalaba kunye nokudandatheka, okunokuthi kube nzima ngenxa yeempawu zomzimba zesimo. Ukongeza kule mingeni yeemvakalelo, abafazi abane-PCOS banokufumana ukuncipha kokuzithemba kunye nemiba yomfanekiso womzimba, ngakumbi ngenxa yokukhula kweenwele ezigqithisileyo kunye nokuzuza ubunzima obunxulumene nemeko.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-PCOS ziyahluka ukusuka kumfazi ukuya kumfazi. Abanye abasetyhini banokufumana kuphela iimpawu ezimbalwa kwezi zidweliswe ngasentla, ngelixa abanye banokufumana zonke iimpawu. Ukongezelela, abanye abafazi abane-PCOS abanako ukuba naziphi na iimpawu zomzimba zangaphandle, okwenza imeko ibe nzima nakakhulu ukuyifumanisa.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome(1)

Ziziphi izondlo kunye neevithamini zePCOS?

1. Inositol:

I-Inositol luhlobo lwevithamini ye-B ebonakaliswe ukuba inefuthe elihle ekungalingani kwehomoni kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwe-insulin, zombini ezo zihlala zihambelana ne-PCOS. I-Inositol inceda ukulawula amanqanaba e-insulin kwaye ikhuthaza ukujikeleza rhoqo kokuya esikhathini. Ifumaneka ekutyeni okufana neziqhamo, iimbotyi, iinkozo kunye namandongomane, kodwa inokuthatyathwa njengesongezelelo.

2. IVithamin D: Abasetyhini abaninzi abane-PCOS abanalo ivithamin D, enokwenza ukuba iimpawu zabo zibe mandundu. I-Vitamin D idlala indima ebalulekileyo kulawulo lwehomoni kunye novelwano lwe-insulin. Ukuchitha ixesha elangeni kunye nokutya ukutya okufana neentlanzi ezinamafutha, izikhupha zamaqanda, kunye neemveliso zobisi eziqinisiweyo zinokunceda ukwandisa amanqanaba e-vitamin D. Kwezinye iimeko, ukongeza kunokufuneka.

3. I-Omega-3 fatty acids: I-Omega-3 i-fatty acids inezixhobo ezichasayo ezinceda ukunciphisa ukuxhatshazwa kwe-insulin kunye nokulawula imijikelezo yokuya esikhathini kubasetyhini abane-PCOS. Ukutya okutyebileyo kwi-omega-3s kubandakanya intlanzi enamafutha, imbewu yeflakisi, imbewu ye-chia kunye ne-walnuts. Ukuba ukutya okudliwayo akwanelanga, cinga ukongeza ngeoli yeentlanzi.

4. I-Magnesium: I-Magnesium idlala indima ekulawuleni iswekile yegazi, ibhalansi ye-hormone, kunye nokulawula uxinzelelo. Abasetyhini abaninzi abane-PCOS abanalo i-magnesium, enokwandisa iimpawu zabo. Ukutya okufana nemifuno enamagqabi aluhlaza, amandongomane, imbewu kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo ziyimithombo emihle ye-magnesium. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuxhaswa kwe-magnesium kunokucetyiswa.

5. Iivithamin B: Iivithamin B, ezifana neB6 neB12, zinendima ebalulekileyo ekulungelelaniseni amadlala nasekuveliseni amandla. Zifumaneka kwiindidi zokutya, kubandakanywa inyama, intlanzi, inkukhu, amaqanda, iimveliso zobisi kunye nemifuno eluhlaza eluhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokusilela okungaphantsi kwizigulane ze-PCOS, ukuxhaswa kwe-B-complex kunokufuneka.

6.D-Chiro-inositol:Enye yezinto eziphambili ekulawuleni i-PCOS kukugcina amanqanaba afanelekileyo e-insulin. Ukumelana ne-insulin yinto eqhelekileyo ye-PCOS kwaye ihlala inxulunyaniswa nokufumana ubunzima kunye nobunzima bokuncipha. Kulapho i-D-inositol ingena khona.

I-D-inositol, i-alcohol yeswekile, isetyenziswa rhoqo njengesongezelelo ekuncedeni ukulawula iimpawu ze-PCOS. Izifundo ziye zafumanisa ukuba zisebenza kakuhle ekuphuculeni uvakalelo lwe-insulin kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo sikashukela kwabasetyhini abane-PCOS. Ukongezelela, i-D-inositol iboniswe ukunceda ukubuyisela imijikelezo eqhelekileyo yokuya esikhathini kunye nokuphucula umsebenzi we-ovarian kubasetyhini abane-PCOS.

Uphando lubonisa ukuba i-D-inositol inokunceda ukunciphisa amanqanaba aphezulu e-androgens kubasetyhini abane-PCOS, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa iimpawu ezinjenge-acne, ukukhula kweenwele ezigqithisileyo, kunye nokulahleka kweenwele. Ngokunceda ukulinganisela amanqanaba ehomoni, i-D-inositol inokuphucula ukuchuma kwabasetyhini abane-PCOS. Ukongezelela, enye yezona zibonelelo zibalulekileyo ze-D-inositol kubasetyhini abane-PCOS inceda ukulawula i-ovulation.

Ukongeza ekuphuculeni ukuqonda kwe-insulin kunye nokulinganisela kwehomoni, i-D-inositol iye yadibaniswa nokuphucula impilo yengqondo kubasetyhini abane-PCOS. Abasetyhini abaninzi abane-PCOS bafumana iimpawu zokuxhalaba kunye nokudakumba, kwaye i-D-inositol ifunyenwe inefuthe elihle kwimpilo yengqondo.

7. I-N-Acetyl Cysteine ​​(NAC):I-NAC yi-antioxidant enamandla kunye ne-amino acid, kwaye uphando lubonisa ukuba i-NAC inokunceda ukuphucula uvakalelo lwe-insulin, ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala, nokulawula imijikelezo yokuya esikhathini kubasetyhini abane-PCOS. Ukumelana ne-insulin yinto ephambili ekuphuhliseni nasekuqhubeleni phambili kwe-polycystic ovary syndrome. Xa umzimba unganyangekiyo kwi-insulin, uvelisa ihomoni eninzi ngelinge lokunciphisa amanqanaba eswekile yegazi. Oku kubangela ukuba amanqanaba e-insulin anyuke, evuselela ama-ovari ukuba avelise i-androgens eninzi. Le nkqubo inokunyusa ngakumbi iimpawu ze-PCOS. I-NAC ibonakaliswe ukuphucula uvakalelo lwe-insulin kwaye inokunceda ukulawula amanqanaba e-insulin kunye nokunciphisa imiphumo yokunganyangeki kwe-insulin kubasetyhini abane-PCOS.

Ukuvuvukala kucingelwa ukuba kudlala indima ekuphuhliseni i-PCOS. Ukudumba okungapheliyo kwibakala elisezantsi emzimbeni kunokukhokelela ekunganyangekiyo kwe-insulin kunye nolunye ukuphazamiseka kwemetabolism. I-NAC ifunyaniswe ineepropathi ezichasayo ezinokuthi zincede ukunciphisa amanqanaba onke okudumba emzimbeni. Ngokwenza njalo, i-NAC inokunceda ukukhulula ezinye iimpawu ezinxulumene ne-PCOS.

Ukulawula umjikelezo wakho wokuya esikhathini yenye into ebalulekileyo yokunyanga i-PCOS. Imijikelezo yokuya exesheni engaqhelekanga okanye engekhoyo inokuchaphazela ukuchuma kunye nempilo yonke yokuzala. Uphando lucebisa ukuba i-NAC inokunceda abasetyhini abane-PCOS babuyele kumjikelezo oqhelekileyo wokuya exesheni ngokuphucula ubuntununtunu be-insulin kunye nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kubasetyhini abazama ukukhulelwa, njengoko i-ovulation rhoqo ibalulekile kwinzala yendalo.

I-Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Ukutya kunye nokutshintsha kwendlela yokuphila kwi-Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Enye yezinto eziphambili ekulawuleni i-PCOS kukugcina ubunzima obunempilo. Abasetyhini abaninzi abane-PCOS bayasokola ngokufumana ubunzima, nto leyo enokwandisa iimpawu zesimo. Ukutshintsha ukutya kwakho ukuxhasa ukulahleka kwesisindo kunokuba nempembelelo enkulu ekulawuleni i-PCOS. Ukutya okuphantsi kokutya okucutshungulwayo, iswekile, kunye ne-carbohydrates ecocekileyo kunye neprotheyini eninzi, imifuno, kunye namafutha anempilo kunokunceda ukulawula amanqanaba e-insulin kunye nokuxhasa ukulawula ubunzima. Ukongezelela, ukuzivocavoca rhoqo kubalulekile ekulawuleni ubunzima kunye nempilo yonke. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi efana nokuhamba, ukubhukuda, okanye i-yoga kunokunceda ukuphucula ukuvakalelwa kwe-insulin kunye nokulawula amanqanaba ehomoni.

Ukongeza ekulawuleni ubunzima, utshintsho lokutya lunokudlala indima ekulawuleni iimpawu ezithile ze-PCOS. Ngokomzekelo, abafazi abaninzi abane-polycystic ovary syndrome banokunganyangeki kwe-insulin, nto leyo inokukhokelela kumanqanaba aphezulu e-insulin egazini. Oku kunokukhokelela ekuzuzeni ubunzima kunye nezinye iimpawu ze-PCOS. Ukutshintsha ukutya kwakho ukuxhasa amanqanaba e-insulin enempilo, njengokunciphisa ukutya kwakho okuneswekile kunye neziselo kunye nokugxila kwizondlo-ezixineneyo, ukutya okupheleleyo, kunokunceda ukulawula ukuxhathisa kwe-insulin kunye neempawu zayo ezinxulumeneyo.

Olunye uqwalaselo olubalulekileyo kubasetyhini abane-PCOS kukulawula ukuvuvukala emzimbeni. Ukuvuvukala okungapheliyo kucingelwa ukuba kudlale indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni nasekuqhubeleni phambili kwe-PCOS, ngoko ke ukutshintsha ukutya kwakho ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kunokuba luncedo. Oku kunokubandakanya ukutya okuchasene nokudumba okufana ne-turmeric, i-ginger, kunye nentlanzi enamafutha kwisidlo sakho ngelixa unciphisa ukutya okunokuvuvukala okufana nenyama esetyenzisiweyo kunye neoli yemifuno esulungekileyo. Ukongezelela, ukulawula uxinzelelo ngemisebenzi efana nokucamngca, ukuphefumla okunzulu, okanye ukuzivocavoca umzimba kunokunceda ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala nokulawula iimpawu ze-PCOS.

Ukongeza kokutya, utshintsho lwendlela yokuphila lunokudlala indima ekulawuleni i-PCOS. Kubalulekile ukulala ngokwaneleyo ubusuku ngabunye, njengoko ukungabikho kokulala kunokuphazamisa amanqanaba ehomoni kwaye kukhokelela ekuzuzeni ubunzima. Ukongezelela, ukulawula uxinzelelo ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokuphumla, iingcebiso, okanye amaqela enkxaso anokuba luncedo kubasetyhini abane-PCOS. Ukulawulwa koxinzelelo kubalulekile kuba ukukhutshwa kwamahomoni oxinzelelo kunokwandisa iimpawu ze-PCOS.

I-Polycystic Ovary Syndrome(2)

Ungazifumana njani izongezo ezilungileyo zePCOS?

 

Xa ukhetha izongezo ze-PCOS, kubalulekile ukwenza uphando lwakho kwaye udibane nengcali yezempilo. Nanga amanye amacebiso okukunceda ufumane isongezelelo esifanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho ezithile:

1. Qhagamshelana nengcali yezempilo: Phambi kokuba uqalise nayiphi na irejimeni entsha yokongezelela, kubalulekile ukubonisana nogqirha onolwazi nge-PCOS. Banokukunceda ukuba ubone ukuba zeziphi izongezo ezinokuba luncedo kwiimpawu zakho ezithile kunye nempilo yonke.

2. Khetha imveliso esemgangathweni: Ayizizo zonke izongezo ezenziwe ngokulinganayo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukukhetha imveliso esemgangathweni evela kuphawu oluthembekileyo kwaye iveliswe kwiziko elibambelela kwimigangatho engqongqo yolawulo lomgangatho. Ukongeza, unokufuna ukuqwalasela ukukhangela izongezo eziye zavavanywa ngumntu wesithathu, njengoko oku kuqinisekisa ukuba amandla kunye nokucoceka kwemveliso kuye kwaqinisekiswa ngokuzimeleyo.

4. Qwalasela iimfuno zakho zobuqu: Iimpawu ze-PCOS ziyahluka kumntu nomntu, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iimfuno zakho zobuqu xa ukhetha isongezelelo.

I-Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (2)

 I-Suzhou Myland Pharm & Nutrition Inc.uzibandakanye kwishishini lokongezelela isondlo ukusukela ngo-1992. Yinkampani yokuqala e-China ukuphuhlisa nokuthengisa isicatshulwa sembewu yomdiliya.

Iminyaka engama-30 yamava kwaye iqhutywa bubuchwephesha obuphezulu kunye nesicwangciso se-R&D esiphuculwe kakhulu, inkampani iphuhlise uluhlu lweemveliso ezikhuphisanayo kwaye ibe sisongezelelo sesayensi yobomi, ukuhlanganiswa kwesiko kunye nenkampani yeenkonzo zokuvelisa.

Ukongeza, inkampani ikwangumvelisi obhalisiweyo we-FDA, eqinisekisa impilo yabantu enomgangatho ozinzileyo kunye nokukhula okuzinzileyo. Izibonelelo ze-R&D zenkampani kunye nezixhobo zemveliso kunye nezixhobo zohlalutyo zezanamhlanje kwaye zinemisebenzi emininzi, kwaye ziyakwazi ukuvelisa iikhemikhali kwi-milligram ukuya kwisikali seetoni ngokuthobela imigangatho ye-ISO 9001 kunye neendlela zokuvelisa ze-GMP.

Umbuzo: Ngaba isondlo kunye nezongezelelo zinokunceda ukulawula i-PCOS?
A: Ewe, ukutya okunokulinganisela kunye nezongezo ezithile zinokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni iimpawu ze-PCOS. Ukutya okunomsoco kunokunceda ukulawula amahomoni kunye nokuphucula ukuvakalelwa kwe-insulin, ngelixa izongezelelo ezithile ezifana ne-inositol kunye ne-vitamin D zibonakaliswe ukuba zinenzuzo kubasetyhini abane-PCOS.

Umbuzo: Ziziphi ezinye iinguqu zokutya ezicetyiswayo kulawulo lwe-PCOS?
A: Ukulandela i-low-glycemic index diet, ukwandisa i-fiber intake, kunye nokubandakanya iziqhamo ezininzi, imifuno, kunye neeprotheni ezinqabileyo zinokunceda ukulawula amanqanaba eshukela egazi kunye nokuphucula ukuxhathisa kwe-insulin kubasetyhini abane-PCOS. Ukunciphisa ukutya okucutshungulwayo, i-carbohydrates ecocekileyo, kunye nokutya okuneswekile kubalulekile ekulawuleni iimpawu.

Umbuzo: Ngaba izongezo ziyimfuneko ekulawuleni i-PCOS?
A: Nangona kungenasidingo kuwo wonke umntu, izongezo ezithile zinokuba luncedo ekulawuleni iimpawu ze-PCOS. Ngokomzekelo, i-Inositol ibonakaliswe ekuphuculeni ukuxhathisa kwe-insulin kunye nomsebenzi we-ovarian, ngelixa i-omega-3 fatty acids inokunciphisa ukuvuvukala kunye nokunceda ukulawula imijikelezo yokuya esikhathini kwabasetyhini abane-PCOS.

Ukuziphendulela: Eli nqaku lelolwazi ngokubanzi kuphela kwaye akufanele lithathwe njengeliphi na icebiso lonyango. Olunye ulwazi lweposti yebhlog luvela kwi-Intanethi kwaye alunamsebenzi. Le webhusayithi inoxanduva kuphela lokuhlela, ukufomatha kunye nokuhlela amanqaku. Injongo yokudlulisa ulwazi olongezelelekileyo ayithethi ukuba uyavumelana neembono zayo okanye uqinisekise ubunyani bomxholo wayo. Soloko udibana nengcali yezempilo ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise naziphi na izongezo okanye wenze utshintsho kwirejimeni yokhathalelo lwempilo.


Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-29-2023